Nucleotides - pentose sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogen containing base. C,T,U,A,G
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How are mononucleotides joined together and what joins together?
Condensation reaction - deoxyribose sugar of one and a phosphate group of another.
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What bond is formed when two mononucleotides come together and what is the new structure called?
Phosphodiester bond - dinucleotide.
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Describe what is made up in RNA
A single polynucleotide chain and the pentose sugar is always ribose and the organic bases are a, g,c and u.
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What do the different types of RNA do?
One transfers genetic info from the dna to ribosomes. Involved in protein synthesis.
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What are ribosomes made of?
Proteins and RNA.
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What is the pentose sugar and the organic bases in DNA
Deoxyribose - a, t, g, c
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WHat are the organic bases in RNA and DNA
adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil.
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What are the bonds in DNA
hydrogen bonds
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What organic bases are complimentary togther?
A and T , G and C
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What happens when the lader-like arrangement of the two nucleotides in DNA are twisted together?
The uprights of phosphate and deoxyribose wind around together to form a double helix. They are the backbone of the DNA.
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Why is DNA a stable molecule?
Phosphodiester backbone protects chemically reactive bases in helix. Hydrogen bonds link bases forming bridges between phosphodiester uprights. higher proportion of C-G pairings, more stable. (3 h bonds between them)
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How is DNA adapted to carry out its function? (very vague not enough space)
stable structure, two seperate strands joined by H bonds, big model, base pairs in helical cylinder, base pairing leads to DNA being able to replicate and transfer info
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WHat are the two different cell division stages?
nuclear divison(nucleus divides(mitosis and meiosis) and cytokinesis (whole cell divides)
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What are the four requirments of semi-conservative replication?
Four types of nucleotide each with their base, both strands o DNA, enzyme DNA polymerase, source of chemical energy.
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Explain the process of semi-conservative replication
Check notes - not enough room.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is DNA made up of?
Back
Nucleotides - pentose sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogen containing base. C,T,U,A,G
Card 3
Front
How are mononucleotides joined together and what joins together?
Back
Card 4
Front
What bond is formed when two mononucleotides come together and what is the new structure called?
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