Longshore drift is where the wind brings waves in at an angle to the coast. This SWASH brings material to the beach. Gravity then causes the waves to go back out to sea at 90* to coast. BACKWASH brings some of the material back 2 sea. Zig zag.
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Beach Nourishment: What is it?
Replacing the eroded beach with material from elsewhere.
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Beach Nourishment: 1 advantage 1 disadvantage
+ creates wider beach which slows waves and protects from flooding and erosion. - expensive and must be done regularly
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Beach nourishment: soft/hard
soft
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Managed Retreat: what is it?
Allows land to flood > creating marshland > erosion behind marshland reduced
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Managed retreat 1 advantage 1 disadvantage
+ cheap defence - people disagree over which farmland to allow to flood
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managed retreat soft hard
soft
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sea wall soft hard
hard
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Sea wall: what is it
big wall that reflects waves
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sea wall 1 advantage,disadvantage
- creates strong backwash + defends the coast effectively
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Groyne what is it
traps LSD material
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Groyne 1 advantage,disadvantage
- creates narrower beaches further afield as they starve these beaches of material + stops beaches being eroded
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Revetments disadvantage
- expensive
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Gabion cage disadvantage
-ugly -dangerous if fail
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boulder barrier 2 adv. 1 disadv.
+ Absorb the energy of waves. + Allows the build up of a beach. -expensive
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hydraulic action
waves smashing at high force break rock appart
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attrition
eroded rocks smash into each other, breaking into smaller fragments. Their edges get rounded off as they rub together.
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corrosion
water dissolves some rock types such as CaCO3
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abrasion
eroded rocks picked up by waves scrape and rub against the coast wearing it away
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ECONOMIC reasons for coastal management (3)
•can lead to reduced crop yield •businesses near cliffs may need to shut down etc •loss of tourism > negative multiplier
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SOCIAL reasons for coastal management (4)
•potential death •water supplies may be disrupted •loss of houses •damage to infrastructure
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ENVIRONMENTAL reasons for coastal management (2)
•ecosystems affected (increase salt level can cause vegetation damage) •to preserve sites of scientific interest (SSI)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Beach Nourishment: What is it?
Back
Replacing the eroded beach with material from elsewhere.
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