Sense modality - using same sense modality, high interference - different sense modalities, lower interference so higher performance
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McLeod (1977) - R_____ M_____
Response modality - (exp) visual + auditory task / manual + verbal response (1) or 2 manual responses (2) - perf cost when responses in same modality
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Spelke, Hirst and Neisser (1976)
Students - training improved ability to read text and write dictation concurrently, improvements after just 6 weeks, but never reached single-task level performance
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Sullivan (1976)
Task difficulty exp - p's shadowed auditory message while detecting target words in non-shadowed message concurrently - as task difficulty increase - performance dropped
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Central capacity theory - what?
Single central capacity / strictly limited resources / pool shared between competing tasks
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Bourke (1996) tested the theory and found
Most demanding task interfered the most - dual-task cost reflected limited central capacity
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Strengths of CCT
central capacity notion consistent w/ findings: Bourke et al (1996) / Brain-imaging studies
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Weaknesses of CCT
Danger of circular reasoning / Interference could also be caused by (1) response selection (2) task similarity
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Just et al., (2001)
(1) Auditory language task (2) Visual mental rotation task - when dual-tasking - activity in task specific regions reduced
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Just et al., (2001) demonstrates CC idea, how?
Lots of activation in parietal ad temporal regions of brain during dual-task but not much in total prefrontal
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What is under-additivity?
Less than the sum of the activations in the two single tasks
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