When it occurs on its own i.e. there is no explanation for it.
1 of 15
What is SECONDARY Insomnia?
A symptom of an underlying disorder e.g. depression, heart problems or environmental stress.
2 of 15
Name 3 main criteria for Insomnia
1) Sleep onset is more than 30 minutes 2) Time spent in bed is less than 85% 3) Increase in night time awakenings
3 of 15
Outline Diathesis-Stress model for Insomnia
Diathesis = Genetic predisposition, chronotype is effecting area of brain. Stress = Anxiety, arousal, poor sleep hygiene.
4 of 15
Discuss how our Chronotype has an effect on our sleeping habits i.e. Insomnia
Circadian rhythm is genetic; larks have a circadian rhythm which is two hours ahead, fighting these inbuilt mechanisms is likely to result in sleep disturbances. (IDA = Nature rather than Nurture. Reductionist view)
5 of 15
What causes Narcolepsy?
Narcolepsy is a rare disorder which is triggered by emotional arousal. There has been a link found between the neurotransmitter: Orexin and Narcolepsy
6 of 15
What causes low Orexin levels?
Brain trauma, infection, stress, autoimmune (this would link to HLA explanation as this gene regulates immune response)
7 of 15
Discuss the Genetic explanation of Narcolepsy
Lin et al's research in dogs identifies a genetic mutation on chromosome 12 (linked to the HLA gene). Mutation of HLA gene is found in some Narcoleptics. In human Narcoleptics low levels of Orexin are found although this is not necessarily genetic
8 of 15
What is the concordance rate of Narcolepsy in MZ twins?
30%
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What symptoms occur if you suffer from Narcolepsy?
Cataplexy = which is a loss of muscle tone will occur if you suffer from Narcolepsy. Hyponogogic and hynopompic hallucinations
10 of 15
What is Sleepwalking?
When a person wakes during SWS sleeep but brain arousal is incomplete. Most common in childhood, affecting 20% of children
11 of 15
Discuss the Psychodynamic theory of Sleepwalking
Due to our desire to sleep where we slept as a child (security). Instinctual energies expressed during dreams spill out over into NREM and produce motor activity
12 of 15
Evaluate the Psychodynamic theory of Sleepwalking
Not falsifiable and would largely involve self report and reflective opinion i.e. non scientific methodology
13 of 15
Discuss the Genetic theory of Sleepwalking
10 times more likely to occur if we have a 1st degree relative who suffers. Studies show a gene more present in Sleepwalkers (HLA) this gene produces proteins involved in the immune system, it is thought environment can also be responsible
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What is the concordance rate of Sleepwalking in DZ and MZ twins?
DZ = 15% MZ = 50%
15 of 15
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is SECONDARY Insomnia?
Back
A symptom of an underlying disorder e.g. depression, heart problems or environmental stress.
Card 3
Front
Name 3 main criteria for Insomnia
Back
Card 4
Front
Outline Diathesis-Stress model for Insomnia
Back
Card 5
Front
Discuss how our Chronotype has an effect on our sleeping habits i.e. Insomnia
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