What was thought to be the cause of disease in prehistoric times?
Supernatural
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The Egyptians believed in which theory? What was it?
The theory of the blocked channels. The belief that when one tube became blocked, this led to consequences with other tubes inside the body. This was based on The River Nile
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New medical ideas and treatments were developed due to...
trade increase and the sharing of ideas
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Describe Hippocrates' 4 Humours Theory
the body consists of 4 liquids. When these become unbalanced, illness occurs.
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What did the Hippocratic Oath lead to?
confidence in doctors as people accepted disease was not created by spirits
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Name 2 things Galen was wrong about
1. He thought blood was created in the liver 2. He thought there were many similarities between animals and humans
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Galen accepted the Greek theory of the 4 Humours but...
did not continue to investigate it, so no progress was made
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In the medieval times, Greek and Roman knowledge was lost in Europe. This led to...
superstitious beliefs becoming common again, and the church saying Galen was correct and so no further investigation was needed
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Medieval superstitions included...
astronomy, God, Jews, bad smells, demons and sinning
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What did Al-Razi do in medieval muslim middle east?
he conserved the ideas of the Greeks and Romans
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Who was 'the Galen of islam' and what did he do?
Ibn-Sina. He wrote 'The Canon' and used it to teach European physicians up until the 1600's
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During the renaissance, women...
couldn't become physicians, still used herbal remedies, wealthy women couldn't become healers
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People in the renaissance thought disease was caused by...
God (e.g. The Great Plague) or the imbalance of the 4 humours
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Renaissance treatments of disease included...
bleeding, purging, herbal remedies, bezoar stone, advice books and new ingredients from Asia & South America. This was both conservatism and new ideas being developed
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Who created a vaccination against smallpox by injecting the patient with cowpox?
Edward Jenner
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Reasons FOR Jenner's discovery included...
scientific approach, influence on people (Napoelon's whole army got vaccinated)
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Reasons AGAINST Jenner's discovery included...
Jenner was not well known, the government shouldn't interfere and rushed doctors work meant patients died anyway from infected needles
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What happened in 1864?
Louis Pasteur developed his Germ Theory
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How did Pasteur develop his theory?
he saw that beer company's vats were going off, after investigating he found that microorganisms caused this
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What did Robert Koch do in 1878?
he discovered how to stain and grow bacteria
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__________ discovered the germ that causes TB, Septicaemia and Cholera?
Robert Koch
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Joseph Lister was able to invent which piece of scientific equipment with the help of which event in 1826?
the microscope as a result of The Industrial Revolution
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How did Alexander Fleming discover penicillin?
by chance. He left his uncleaned petri dish out whilst he was on holiday. When he returned, he saw mould had grown but had no bacteria around it. It was made from bacteria to kill other bacteria
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Who expanded on Fleming's work?
Florey and Chain
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What happened in 1997?
Dolly the sheep was cloned
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_____ & _____ discovered DNA as they had sophisticated equipment and funding from the government
Watson & Crick
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Who was overlooked on the discovery of DNA?
Maurice Wilkins & Rosalind Franklin
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What has the discovery and understanding of DNA led to?
gene therapy, customised drugs, genetic testing and screening and genetic engineering
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The theory of the blocked channels. The belief that when one tube became blocked, this led to consequences with other tubes inside the body. This was based on The River Nile
Back
The Egyptians believed in which theory? What was it?
Card 3
Front
trade increase and the sharing of ideas
Back
Card 4
Front
the body consists of 4 liquids. When these become unbalanced, illness occurs.
Back
Card 5
Front
confidence in doctors as people accepted disease was not created by spirits
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