Words or phrases that express concern for others and serve to minimise face threats.
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Catenative
A chain - like structure in a sentence/utterance, e.g. "so we... and then... and then we"
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Chaining
A speaker responds and sets up another speaker's next utterance in a chain that runs past an adjacency pair.
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Dismissal formula
A device used to close a conversation
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Hospitality token
A polite utterance relating to context designed to put speakers at their ease, e.g. "do take a seat". More common in formal conversations.
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Neutral comment
Speaker makes a comment on something neutral in the surroundings, like the weather.
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Opener
Expressions which open a conversation
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Other - related comment
Speaker makes a comment about another speaker.
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Pre - start
A word or phrase used to clear the air before a turn begins.
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Self - related comment
Speaker makes a comment about them self.
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Turn Construction Unit (TCU)
A fundamental segment of speech in conversation analysis. E.g. "Right (2) well we'll see what we can do" consists of two TCUs.
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Transition relevance place (TRP)
The point at which one turn is ending and another turn is signalled (Sacks et al).
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Valediction
Expression of farewell.
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Exophoric reference
A reference to something, often cultural, beyond the text. E.g. "they're late again, can you believe it?" Requires a shared understanding of a contextual factor by the speakers.
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Accommodation
Where a speaker adapts to another speaker's accent, dialect or sociolect. May be upward or downward convergence.
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Vocative
A word or phrase used to directly address someone - usually by name, title or term of endearment.
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Phatic language
Language with a purely social function, e.g. "how are you today?
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Hedging (lexis/pragmatics)
Words used to soften the meaning of something, e.g. "maybe we should have a word with him about it?"
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Ellipsis (syntax)
Omission of words, e.g. "What percentage was left?" "20 (percent)".
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Elision (phonetics)
Omission of sounds or syllables, e.g. "gonna", "wanna".
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Repair (syntax)
Self correction mid - utterance
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False start
Starting and then restarting an utterance
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Filler (phonetics)
A word, phrase or sound that marks a pause or hesitation in speech, e.g. "um", "uh", "er".
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Prosodic features (phonetics)
How rhythm, stress and pace are used in speech to create particular effects.
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Labov's narrative categories
A way of breaking down the typical discourse structure of a spoken story: Abstract>Orientation>Complicating action>Resolution>Evaluation>Coda.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A chain - like structure in a sentence/utterance, e.g. "so we... and then... and then we"
Back
Catenative
Card 3
Front
A speaker responds and sets up another speaker's next utterance in a chain that runs past an adjacency pair.
Back
Card 4
Front
A device used to close a conversation
Back
Card 5
Front
A polite utterance relating to context designed to put speakers at their ease, e.g. "do take a seat". More common in formal conversations.
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