Disability as a social construct.

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What does W.H.O stand for?
W.H.O stands for World Health Organisation.
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Define Impairment.
Refers to the abnormality of, or loss of function of, a part of the body.
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Define Handicap.
Refers to the physical limits imposed by the loss of function.
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Define Disability.
Refers to the socially imposed restriction on a persons abilities to perform tasks as a result of the behaviour of people in society.
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Define Stigma.
Refers how people with disabilities or illnesses are often labelled (stigmatised) and excluded from social activities. This is called Disablism.
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What did Goffman (1963) find?
Goffman found that there was two types of stigma. Discrediting and Discreditable.
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Define Discrediting.
Discrediting refers to when people are 'discredited' because of their disability. E.g Wheelchair use. This is external.
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Define Discreditable.
Refers to a potential stigma where a person may hide their illness or disability in fear of becoming discredited. (Internal)
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What did Goffman argue stigma leads to?
Goffman argued that when a stigma becomes the way a person is identified then it becomes the persons 'master status' the only way they are seen. For example a wheelchair user might only be seen as a wheelchair user and not as a intelligent person.
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What is Hopkins (1986) do?
Hopkins developed Goffman's concept of 'dicreditable' stigma and called it 'felt stigma'. He argued that felt stigma result in 1 of 4 responses by an individual, Selective Concealment, Covering up, Medicalising behaviour & Condemning the condemners.
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What does 'Selective Concealment' mean?.
Selective Concealment is when a person hides a part of their impairment from friends and family.
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What 'Covering up' mean?
This is the same as Goffman's 'discreditable'. A person will hide their disability in fear of becoming discredited.
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What does 'Medicalising the behaviour' mean?
Individuals 'Medicalise bahaviour' to evoke sympathy from others.
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What does 'Condemning condemners' mean?
This is when individuals will raise awareness about issues facing those suffering.
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What did Oliver argue?
Oliver (1996) states, ' the impediments imposed by society are at least as great as those imposed by the physical impairments - disability is therefore a social construction'.
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What did Onil and Kim (2001) find?
in 2001 Onil and Kim found that disabled people had a very positive self-image and rejected the negative view associated with their ability.
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What is one criticism of the social construction model?
Shakespeare and Watson argued in 2002, 'We are not just disabled people, we are people with impairments and to pretend otherwise is to ignore a major part of our biographies.'
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Define Impairment.

Back

Refers to the abnormality of, or loss of function of, a part of the body.

Card 3

Front

Define Handicap.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Define Disability.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Define Stigma.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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