Digestive System flash questions

What is hydrolysis?

Hydrolysis is a bond being broken by the addition of a water molecule

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Describe the structure & function of the stomach

Its a small folded sac that can expand to hold food. It digests proteins with gastric juice containing pepsin and is very acidic due to HCl acid in G.juice

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Describe the structure and function of the small intestine

Has 2 parts, Deudenum and ileum. Chyme moves along it by peristalsis. Bile and pancreatic juice neutralise acidic chyme, and break it in to smaller molecules( glucose and amino acids) then absorbed in to blood through the villi.

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What do lipases break down and in to what?

lipids in to fatty acids and glycerol

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What does sucrase break down and in to what?

sucrose in to glucose and fructose

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What does lactase break down and in to what?

lactose in to glucose and galactose

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What does maltase break down and in to what?

Maltose in to glucose

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what does amylase break down and in to what?

starch in to maltose

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What does pepsin break down and in to what?

protein in to peptides

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what does peptidase break down and in to what?

peptides in to amino acids

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Name two glands associated with the digestive system

The salivary glands and the pancreas

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How does the salivary gland aid digestion?

Located in the mouth; it secretes saliva(consisting of mucus,mineralsalts and salivary amylase) The s. amylase then breaks down the starch in to maltose. It also lubricates food to make it easier to swallow.

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How does the pancreas aid digestion?

it realease pancreatic juice in to the duodenum through the pancreatic duct. It contains many enzymes to break down molecules:amylase,trypsin,chymotrypsin and lipase. Also contains sodium hydrogen carbonate to neutralise acidity from acid in stomach

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What elements does an amino acid contain?

oxygen hydrogen carbon and nitrogen

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What elements does a monosaccharide contain?

carbon hydrogen and oxygen

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what is the function of the large intestine and its structure?

it absorbs water , salts and minerals. it has a folded wall to provide a large surface area for absorption. Also bacteria the decompose undigested nutrients are found here.

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What is the structure and function of the Oesophagus?

Its a tube that takes food to the stomach from the mouth using waves of muscle contractions called peristalsis. Mucus is also secreted to lubricated foods passage downwards.

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What are the two stages of digestion?

Chemical and physical digestion

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What is physical digestion?

Breaking down large bits of food in the small ones through structures such as teeth or churning muscles in stomach. So you can ingest the food and provide a large surface area for chemical disgestion.

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What is chemical digestion?

Breaks large insoluble molecules in to soluble ones. Its carried out using enzymes and hydrolysis. They break molecules in to sections then the sections are hydrolysed in to smaller ones with more enzymes

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How is the stomach adapted to churn food?

by having a muscular wall

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How is the stomach adapted to prevent the enzymes it produces digesting the surface of the stomach?

By secreting mucus

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Which TWO structures produce amylase?

Salivary glands, and the pancreas

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Suggest a reason why the stomach does not have villi or microvilli

They are not needed , as food is not yet broken down in to soluble molecules. and as they are used for absorption and increasing surface area they are not needed

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Digestive System flash questions

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