Digestive Disorders

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  • Created by: anna10g
  • Created on: 18-01-18 15:50
What does LDL stand for?
Low Density Lipoprotein
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What can cause high levels of LDL?
Bad diet, Smoking, Genetic factors - familial Hypercholesterolaemia
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Name 2 possible medical treatments for high LDL:HDL or CHD
Statins (side effects: Muscle wastage, depression), Aspirins (BUT can increase risk of stomach ulcers)
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List 3 PHYSIOLOGICAL (not cellular) functions of cholesterol
Component of Vitamin D (which helps to absorb calcium), Component of steroid hormones (eg:Oestrogen, testosterone), needed for fat absorption
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Alternative name for Vitamin D3
Cholecalciferol
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Name the conditions caused by Vit D3 deficiency in adults and children
Osteomalacia (adults) Rickets (children)
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What does Vit D3 deficiency cause?
abnormalities in bone mineralisation
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List 5 nutritional sources of Vit D
Dairy, eggs, oily fish, liver, vegetable fats/oils
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Alternative name for Vit C
Ascorbic acid
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Name 2 functions of Vit C
Immune system, component of collagen (skin, joints, blood vessels)
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Name for Vit C deficiency
Scurvy
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Symptoms of scurvy
internal bleeding, open ulcers
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Condition caused by high levels of Phe (Phenylalanine)
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
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What causes Phenylketonuria?
lack of function of phenylalanine hydroxylase (caused by a gene mutation)
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What is the function of phenylalanine hydroxylase?
conversion of the essential amino acid phenylalanine (Phe) to the non essential amino acid Tyrosine (Tyr)
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List 3 symptoms of PKU
seizures, brain damage, reduced growth of head & brain in foetus
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Name a treatment for PKU
Low Phe diet (reduced intake of meat, fish, nuts, cheese, beans)
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Which bacterium causes cholera?
Vibrocholerae
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Name a symptom of cholera
severe diarrhoea
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Explain the development of a cholera infection.
Vibrio cholerae is ingested. It releases a toxin which binds to a receptor on the gut wall. It is brought into the epithelial cell via endocytosis. Leakage of CL- ions and HCO3- ions into gut lumen, causing water to be drawn into the lumen.
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Name 2 treatments for cholera
Rehydration treatment via IV drip, antibiotics
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Where are proton pumps located?
In the PARIETAL CELLS of the stomach lining/epithelium
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What causes the high acidity of the stomach lumen?
Active exchange of K+ with H+ at the Proton pump
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What is the infective cause of stomach ulcers?
Helicobacter Pylori bacterium
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Name 3 treatments for Stomach ulcers
Proton Pump inhibitors, Antibiotics, Bismuth
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What can cause stomach ulcers?
high HCL, low mucus levels
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What secretes hormones?
endocrine (ductless) glands
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What secretes enzymes?
exocrine (through a duct) glands
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What is nervous regulation of gastric juice?
thought, smell, sight of food causes secretion of HCL from parietal cells of stomach wall
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What is the function of the Vagus nerve?
to signal for the production of the hormone Gastrin .
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What is the function of Gastrin?
to stimulate the production of pepsinogen, which activates to become pepsin
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What can cause high levels of LDL?

Back

Bad diet, Smoking, Genetic factors - familial Hypercholesterolaemia

Card 3

Front

Name 2 possible medical treatments for high LDL:HDL or CHD

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

List 3 PHYSIOLOGICAL (not cellular) functions of cholesterol

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Alternative name for Vitamin D3

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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