Different structures + Bonding

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What is a giant ionic lattice?
A 3-dimensional structure of oppositely charged ions held together by ionic bonds
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What are the physical properties of giant ionic lattices?
1. High melting and boiling point - it takes a substantial amount of energy to break the strong ionic bonds that hold the ions togwther 2. Soluble in water - Most ionic compunds are soluble as the reaction with the water breaks the ionic bonds
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What are the physical properties of ionic structures? (Cont.)
3. Good conductors of electricity when molten or dissolved - If the ionic solid is melted the ions can move and carry charge. If an ionic solid is dissolved in water then the ions can move too.
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What are molecular covalent structures?
A molecule is 2 or more atoms covalently bonded. However the molecules are not bonded to each other. There are only weak van der Waal's forces between the molecules. These are easily broken
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What are the physical properties of molecular covalent structures?
1. Low melting and boiling point - Little energy is needed to break the van der Waal's forces. Generally the bigger the molecules the stronger the van der Wall's forces and so the higher the boiling point
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What are the physical properties of molecular covalent structures? (Cont.)
2. Do not conduct electricity - They don't conduct electricity because the molecules are neutral and there are no charged molecules (no ions or free electrons) to carry charge 3. Insoluble in water - Many are insoluble or have very low solubility
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What is a giant covalent structure?
A giant covalent structure is a 3-dimensional structure of atoms that are joined by covalent bonds.
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What are allotropes?
Different forms of the same element, in the same state. eg. graphite, graphene and diamond
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What are the physical properties of diamond?
-Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to 4 others in a tetrahedral 3D structure -A high melting and boiling point -Doesn't conduct electricity -Hard -Useful for cutting tools
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What are the physical properties of graphite?
-Layers of carbon atom in hexagons, each is covalently bonded to 3 others - High melting and boiling point -Good conductor of electricity -Soft -Used in machinery lubricants and in pencil leads
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What are the physical properties of graphene?
-Single atom-thick layer of graphite with strong covalent bonds between each carbon atom. They are arranged in hexagons and 2D -High melting and boiling point -Good conductor of electricity -Very strong -Could be used in the future for solar cells
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What are metallic structures?
a metallic lattice is a 3D structure of positive ions and delocalised electrons bonded by metallic electrons - Good conductors of electricity -Usually high melting points -Malleable and ductile
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What are the 3 types of bonding?
1. ionic bonding 2. covalent bonding 3. metallic bonding
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What is ionic bonding?
-It occurs in compounds of a metal and non-metal -They bond to have full outer shells -When this bond is formed electrons are transferred from the metal to the non-metal
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What is ionic bonding? (Cont.)
-The ions are held together by forces of electrostatic attraction -Each ion now has a full outer shell and is now stable
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what is covalent bonding?
-A shared pair of electrons -A molecule is 2 or more atoms covalently bonded
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What is metallic bonding?
-The attraction between positive ions in a regular lattice and delocalised electrons
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Which type of bonding match the following descriptions: a) a compound of a metal and a non-metal b) a compound of non-metals c) a metal?
a) ionic b) covalent c) metallic
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What are the physical properties of metallic structures?
1. Good conductors of electricity 2.Usually have a high melting point 3. Malleable and ductile
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What are the physical properties of giant ionic lattices?
1. High melting and boiling point 2.Soluble in water 3.Good conductors of electricity when molten or dissolved
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What are the 3 allotropes of carbon? What are their properties?
1. Diamond - High melting and boiling point, does not conduct electricity, hard, used for cutting tools
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What are the 3 allotropes of carbon? What are their properties? (Cont.)
2. Graphite - high melting and boiling point, good conductor of electricity, soft, used in pencil leads and lubricants for machinery
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What are the 3 allotropes of carbon? What are their properties? (Cont..)
3. Graphene - high melting and boiling point, good conductor of electricity, very strong, will have many future uses eg. solar cells
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Card 2

Front

What are the physical properties of giant ionic lattices?

Back

1. High melting and boiling point - it takes a substantial amount of energy to break the strong ionic bonds that hold the ions togwther 2. Soluble in water - Most ionic compunds are soluble as the reaction with the water breaks the ionic bonds

Card 3

Front

What are the physical properties of ionic structures? (Cont.)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are molecular covalent structures?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the physical properties of molecular covalent structures?

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