Diet, energy and carbohydrates

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What do antihypertensives do?
Reduce high blood pressure.
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What do Diuretics do?
Increase volume of urine,reducing blood volume and pressure.
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What do Calcium channel blockers do?
Prevent calcium from entering cells of heart and arteries, causes softer contractions allowing blood vessels to relax and open, reducing blood pressure.
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What do ACE inhibitors do?
Angiotens-concerting-enzyme inhibitors widen/dilate blood vessels, increases amount of blood your hear pumps, lowers blood pressure, raises blood flow.
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What are the side effects of antihypertensives?
Palpitations,abnormal heart thythms, fainting,headaches,drowsiness,bp too low,allergies,depression,low sodium levels.
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What do statins do?
reduce amount of LDL produced in liver, reduces atheroma formation, inhibits enzyme, lowers cholesterol.
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What are the side effects of statins?
Muscle and joint pain, digestive system problems,increased risk of diabetes,nosebleeds,headaches,nausea.
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What do anticoagulants do?
Reduce blood clotting.
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What does warfarin do?
Prevents harmful blood clots from forming/growing larger.
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What are the side effects of Warfarin?
Severe bleeding,including heavier menstrual bleeding,osteroporosis,fainting,allergic reactions,swelling,damage to fetus if taken in pregnancy.
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What does asprin do?
Prevents clots from forming by making platelets less sticky, can be prescribed with another antiplatelet drug known as dual antiplatelet therapy.
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What are the side effects of Asprin?
Rashes,diarrhoea,nausea,liver function problems,excessive bleeding,especially after a serious injury.
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What are the lifestyle factors of CVD?
Diet-high in saturated fat-ATHEROMAS,high in salt HIGH BP-high blood pressure-smoking,carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin,nicotine makes platelets sticky,decreases antioxidants-inactivity(sedentary lifestyle)
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What are the factors beyond control of CVD?
Genetics,Age,Gender.
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What are radicals?
By-product with an unpaired electron-bind to a H+,leach into cytoplasm,damage molecule,antioxidants provide H atoms to mop up free radicals.
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Where are free radicals found?
Cigarette smoke,WBC action,respiration.
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What is balloon angioplasty/stent?
Catheter enters via artery in arm/leg, guided using X-ray,stent is not always needed,guide wire with deflated balloon passed through catherter in narrowed artery, balloon inflated to open artery, stent expands around balloon, balloon deflated and rem
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What is a by-pass?
Used if balloon angioplasty/stent doesn't work,provides an alternate pathway for blood.
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What is a cohort study?
Prospective,exposed vs not exposed, likelihood of disease,establish association,relative risk.
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What is a case-control study?
Retrospective,disease vs non disease,exposure/risk factors,establish association,odds ration.
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What is correlation?
Change in one variable is reflected by a change in another.
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What is causation?
Change in one variable is responsible for a change in another.
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How can you increase validity?
Sample size,type/range, DV,other date,CV,suspect of bias.
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What is atherosclerosis?
The narrowing and hardening of an artery.
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What are the steps towards atherosclerosis?
Artery wall damaged,inflammatory response,large WBC enter wall,Cholesterol accumulates,atheroma forms,ca salts and fibrous tissue accumulate,hard plaque forms,wall elasticity reduced,artery narrows,higher bp,vicious cycle.
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What are the steps to blood clotting?
Damage to endothelium-high bp.,Thrombolastin released from damaged tissue+platelets,serotonin released narrows bv+slows blood flow,platelets stick to form platelet plug,inactive prothrombin to active thrombin in presence of ca and thromboplastin.
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What are the steps to blood clotting?
Thrombin catalyses conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin,fibrin mesh traps cells to form clot.
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What can blood clots cause?
Heart attacks,CHD,Stroke,Deep vein thrombosis.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What do Diuretics do?

Back

Increase volume of urine,reducing blood volume and pressure.

Card 3

Front

What do Calcium channel blockers do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What do ACE inhibitors do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the side effects of antihypertensives?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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