Diet and Nutrition

Protein

One of the macronutrients, made up of complex chains of molecules called amino acids - there are 20 different types of amino acid.

1 of 74

Functions of Protein

1. Essential for growth, especially in children. 2. Repair of body tissue after illness. 3. Enzymes, vital for metabolism. 4. Hormones, regulate important functions in the body.

2 of 74

What are essential amino acids?

Amino acids that cannot be made in the body, so they are obtained through food.

3 of 74

How many essential amino acids do adults and children need?

Adults = 8 EAA Children = 10 EAA

4 of 74

What are high biological value proteins? (HBV)

Foods that contain all of the essential amino acids. Animal sources include: Fish, Meat, Poultry, Dairy products (cheese). Vegetable sources include: Soya, Tofu, Texture vegetable protein (TVP) and Quorn.

5 of 74

What are low biological value proteins? (LBV)

Foods that do not contain all of the essential amino acids. Vegetable sources include: Beans, Pulses, Seeds, Nuts and Seeds.

6 of 74

What is food combining?

Mixing different LBV proteins to form a higher level of protein. For example beans on toast, dhal and rice, hummus and pitta bread.

7 of 74

What are the problems with Protein deficiency?

1. Reduces the rate of growth in children. 2. Liver fails to function normally. 3. Muscles become weak.

8 of 74

What is Kwashiorkor?

A protein energy malnutrition disease, occurring when a child is weaned from breast milk to a low in protein diet.

9 of 74

What are Lipids?

The general term for fats and oils. It is one of the macronutrients essential to health.

10 of 74

Functions of Fats

1. Stored under the skin, to help insulate the body against the cold. 2. A layer of fat protects vital organs. 3. Used by the body for energy. 4. It gives foods texture and flavour. 5. Promotes a feeling of satiety.

11 of 74

Name the sources of fat in the diet

Animal: Meat products, Tuna, Salmon, Cheese, Lard. Plant: Avocado, Olives, Walnuts, Peanuts, Sesame seeds

12 of 74

What are Saturated fats?

Fats that are composed pairs of carbon atom joined with 2 hydrogen atoms. Solid at room temperature and mainly found in animal foods. Linked to a higher risk of coronary heart disease, diabetes and obesity.

13 of 74

What are Unsaturated fats?

Usually soft or liquid at room temperature and have a lower melting point. (Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated).

14 of 74

Monounsaturated fats

Fats composed a pair of carbon atom joined with only 1 hydrogen atom. Soft at room temperature and considered healthier because they can lower blood cholesterol and reduce risk of diabetes.

15 of 74

Polyunsaturated fats

Fats composed of many pairs of carbon atoms capable of joining up more hydrogen atoms. Soft and oily at room temperature.

16 of 74

Trans fatty acids

Man-made molecules to make solid margarines from oils by the process of hyrdrogenation (adding hydrogen atoms). Raises your cholesterol levels therefore they are very bad for your cardiovascular system.

17 of 74

Cholesterol

Produced in the liver and transported around in the blood. If there is too much cholesterol, some may by deposited on the walls of the arteries, which could prevent blood from passing through which causes major heart diseases.

18 of 74

What are Essential Fatty acids (EFAs)

These are fatty acids that cannot be made in the body, and it is important for efficient functioning of the body. Essential for blood clotting and control of inflammation.

19 of 74

Function of Omega 3

Helps protect the heart. Sources include: Oily fish, Seeds, Green leafy vegetables.

20 of 74

Function of Omega 6

Helps lower cholesterol in the blood. Sources include: Vegetables, Fruits, Grains, Seeds.

21 of 74

Carbohydrates

One of the macronutrients, important to provide energy for the body.

22 of 74

Functions of Carbohydrates

1. Provide the body with energy for physical activity and maintain bodily functions. 2. Provide dietary fibre to help digestion. 3. Sweeten and flavour foods

23 of 74

Monosaccharide

A type of simple sugars which includes: Glucose- fruits+veg, often used by athletes to provide a fast-energy boost. Fructose- juices of fruits and plants (honey), used in slimming products. Galactose-formed during the digestion of lactose (milksugar)

24 of 74

Disaccharide

AKA. double sugars (made of up 2 monosaccharide). Lactose- found in milk. Maltose- fermentation of cereal grains. Sucrose- white crystalline substance

25 of 74

What is intrinsic sugar?

Sugar found naturally in the cells of fruits and vegetables

26 of 74

What is Extrinsic sugar?

Sugar that is visible, such as cane,caster sugar, syrup added to desserts.

27 of 74

What are the problems with Sucrose?

Obesity and tooth decay. When the bacteria (plaque) feed on the sucrose on your teeth, they produce an acid that causes holes in your teeth.

28 of 74

Polysaccharide

A type of complex carbohydrates formed from hundreds of glucose molecules. Starches and Fibre/NSP (non-starch polysaccharide)

29 of 74

Starches

Take longer to digest than sugars, therefore it provides a feeling of fullness. Functions include adding bulk to our diet, excess is converted to fat, broken down slowly into sugars to provide energy. Sources are: bread, rice, pasta, potatoes.

30 of 74

Fibre/NSP (non-starch polysaccharide)

Non-digestible cellulose food found in plants, it cannot be digested so it passes straight through the digestive system. Functions include: 1. Keeps faeces soft and bulky. 2. Prevent bowel disorders (constipation). 3. Lower blood cholesterol

31 of 74

Insoluble fibre

Absorbs water and increases the bulk, making faeces soft to pass through the digestive system. 1. Wholemeal flour 2.Cereal 3.Pasta 4.Brown rice

32 of 74

Soluble fibre

Slows down the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in order to control blood sugar levels. 1. Beans 2.Peas 3.Lentils 4.Oats

33 of 74

Vitamins

A micronutrient, only needed in small quantities

34 of 74

Functions of Vitamins

1. Maintain health 2.Regulate the repair of body cells 3.Process carbohydrates and release energy in the body 4.Prevent deficiency diseases

35 of 74

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

They are found in the fat in foods and are stored in the liver. Vitmain A and D.

36 of 74

What are the functions of Vitamin A?

Keeps eyes healthy and improves night vision+helps maintain skin

37 of 74

Sources of Vitamin A

Retinol: Liver, oily fish, cheese, milk Beta carotene: Carrots, red, green or orange fruits and vegetables

38 of 74

What are the deficiency of vitamin A?

Long term deficiency may lead to night blindness and excess may lead to liver/bone damage

39 of 74

What are the functions of Vitamin D?

Works with calcium to build and maintain strong bones and teeth

40 of 74

What are the sources of Vitamin D?

Dairy products, oily fish, liver, cereals + exposure to sunlight

41 of 74

What are the deficiency of vitamin D?

In children it can cause rickets which is a softening of the bones.

42 of 74

What are the water-soluble vitamins?

Vitamin B1,2,3 + Folic acid + Vitamin C

43 of 74

What are the functions of Vitamin B1?

Thiamine helps the release of energy from nutrients and the normal functioning of the nervous system.

44 of 74

What are the sources of Vitamin B1?

Fortified breakfast cereals, whole grains, meat, eggs, milk

45 of 74

What are the deficiency of Vitamin B1?

Slows growth and development. Severe deficiency causes beri beri (affects the circulatory system)

46 of 74

What are the functions of Vitamin B2?

Riboflavin is important for normal growth, maintain healthy skin and the release of energy.

47 of 74

What are the sources of Vitamin B2?

Liver, Kidneys, meat, milk, eggs

48 of 74

What are the deficiency of Vitamin B2?

Poor growth rate and skin+eye problems

49 of 74

What are the functions of B3?

Niacin is essential for healthy skin and nerves, also for metabolism growth and energy release.

50 of 74

What are the sources of Vitamin B3?

Meat, poultry, dairy products, pulses

51 of 74

What are the deficiency of Vitamin B3?

Pellagra, rough sore skin, depression

52 of 74

What are the functions of Folic Acid?

Essential for the formation of red blood cells and Foetal development

53 of 74

What are the sources of Folic Acid?

Liver, Kidneys, dark green vegetables (spinach), pulses

54 of 74

What are the deficiency of Folic Acid?

Tiredness and Anaemia

55 of 74

What are the functions of Vitamin C?

Formation of connective tissue, helps wound healing and calcium absorption, Blood vessel formation and helps absorb iron

56 of 74

What are the sources of Vitamin C?

Citrus fruits e.g oranges, lemons, strawberries, cabbage, peppers

57 of 74

What are the deficiency of Vitamin C?

Spotty skin, swollen gums and in severe cases, scurvy develops

58 of 74

What are minerals and their functions?

Micronutrients that are vital for body building, control of body processes, form part of enzymes and other proteins

59 of 74

What are the functions of Iron?

Production of haemoglobin in the red blood cells to carry oxygen in the blood.

60 of 74

What are the sources of Iron?

Red meat, kidneys, liver, Eggs, Bread

61 of 74

What are the deficiency of Iron?

Anaemia

62 of 74

What are the functions of Calcium?

Combines with phosphorus to harden bones and teeth, blood clotting, heart regulation

63 of 74

What are the sources of Calcium?

Dairy products, Oily fish, Green vegetables, Citrus fruits

64 of 74

What are the deficiency of Calcium?

Cause rickets and Osteoporosis (Bones become brittle and fragile)

65 of 74

What are the functions of Phosphorus?

Works with calcium to maintain healthy bones and teeth, and for muscle functioning

66 of 74

What are the sources of Phosphorus?

Dairy products, nuts, meat, fish

67 of 74

What are the deficiency of Phosphorus?

Tiredness and depression (very rare)

68 of 74

What are the functions of Sodium?

Maintains water balance in the body and nerve transmission

69 of 74

What are the sources of Sodium?

Bacon, cheese, processed food, table salt

70 of 74

What are the functions of Flouride?

Strengthens teeth against decay

71 of 74

What are the sources of Sodium?

Fish, tea, toothpaste

72 of 74

What are the deficiency of Sodium?

Tooth decay

73 of 74

What is the function of water?

Regulate body temperature, Helps the kidney flush out foreign substances from our blood, Transports nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body.

74 of 74

Get Revising

Diet and Nutrition

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Back

Card 3

Front

Back

Card 4

Front

Back

Card 5

Front

Back

Comments

Similar Design & Technology: Food Technology resources:

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Back

Card 3

Front

Back

Card 4

Front

Back

Card 5

Front

Back

Comments

Related discussions on The Student Room

Similar Design & Technology: Food Technology resources: