Patients beta cells are unable to produce insulin, cause not known although evidence suggests a form of autoimmune where the immune system attacks own b-cells
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Type 2 diabetes
Patients cannot effectively use their insulin, can be because they don't produce enough insulin or their cells don't respond properly, this can be because the insulin receptors don't work properly so the cells don't take up the glucose
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How is type 1 treated
The patient measures their blood glucose and injects themselves with the correct amount of insulin
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What can happen is too much insulin or too little insulin is injected?
Too much- hypoglycaemia, very low blood glucose conc, Too little- Hyperglycaemia, very high blood glucose conc, both can lead to unconsciousness
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How is type 2 treated?
The patient has to control their diet by regulating their carbohydrate intake, they also have to increase exercise levels, if this doesn't work, drugs are given and in some cases injections
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Give 4 advantages to producing insulin using genetically modified bacteria
Pure form of insulin so less reactions, Can be produced in higher quantities, Costs a lot less than obtaining from animals, Ethical or religious concerns overcome by not using animal products
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Whats the issue with pancreas transplants?
Whilst there is a high success rate, the demand largely outweighs the availability and immunosuppressant drugs to increase chance of acceptance, this increases risk of infection
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What stem cells have the potential to grow new pancreases?
Totipotent stem cells
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What advantages does stem cell therapy have?
Donar availability wouldn't be an issue, Reduced likelihood of rejection and patients no longer have to inject themselves
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Type 2 diabetes
Back
Patients cannot effectively use their insulin, can be because they don't produce enough insulin or their cells don't respond properly, this can be because the insulin receptors don't work properly so the cells don't take up the glucose
Card 3
Front
How is type 1 treated
Back
Card 4
Front
What can happen is too much insulin or too little insulin is injected?
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