What is the treatment for severe hypoglycaemia for an unconscious person?
20g glucose: glucagon IM or s/c, or dextrose IV
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What is the name for hyperglycaemic emergency state In type 2 diabetics?
HHS (Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic Syndrome) a state of extreme hyperflycaemia, developing over weeks, potentially life threatening, with blood glucose >33mmol/L and Osmolaroty >320mOsm/kg
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What are the possible long-term complications of diabetes?
Basal-bolus, twice daily injections (not recommended any more), OD long-acting insulin
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What is DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis) and what are its symptoms?
A state of hyperglycaemia in type 1 diabetes, when there is no available insulin to facilitate the uptake of glucose, and fatty acids are used for energy instead and are metabolised to ketones (giving a chatacteristing pear drop smell)
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What are the main Sick Day Rules?
Do not stop taking insulin; check blood glucose more frequently; monitor urine ketones; prevent dehydration; keep normal eating pattern
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What are the examples of biguanides and what is the mechanism of their action?
Metformin. It activates AMP kinase invloved in the signalling pathway which suppresses gluconeogeneis. It also increases insulin sensitivity.
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What is an example of a sulphonylurea and what is the mechanism of action?
SUs block K+ channels causing depolarization and opening of Ca2+ channels for the release of inlusin form the cell. Gliptizide, Tolbutamide, Gliclazide.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Why is it important rotate insulin injection sites?
Back
Injecting insulin creates lipomas at the sites - fat deposits in the s/c tissue
Card 3
Front
What excipients are necessary for stabilisation of hexameric form?
Back
Card 4
Front
Describe the symptoms of mild hypoglycaemia
Back
Card 5
Front
What is the treatment for severe hypoglycaemia for an unconscious person?
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