A reading disorder, defined as a problem in learning to recognise and decode printed words, at a level that would be expected for the readers age.
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What will children with dyslexia find difficult to do?
Read fluently, and accurately.
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What percentage of children does dyslexia affect?
3-6%
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To whom is dyslexia more prevalent, boys or girls?
Boys.
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What is dyslexia characterised as having a particular difficulty with?
Phonology. Which is critical in learning to read.
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What is the first indication of dyslexia?
Having a difficulty in learning letter sounds and names, indicating a problem with learning to associate words with their speech sound.
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What type of memory is poor in people with dyslexia?
Verbal short-term memory.
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Where does evidence that people with dyslexia have poor verbal short-term memory come from?
The phonological similarity effect (difficulty remembering similar sounding words) and the word length affect (difficulty remembering sequences of long words compared to short words).
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What are two studies that may help to explain dyslexia?
McDougall et al. (1994) and Alloway et al. (2009)
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Describe procedure and results of McDougall et al. (1994).
90 children divided into 3 different reading ability groups. Poor readers had lower memory spans and slow reading rates. Poor readers also sound out words more slowly, leading to fewer words being held in STM. This inefficiency in phonological
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Describe procedure and results of McDougall et al. (1994).(cont.)
processing may help to explain dyslexia.
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Describe the procedure and results of Alloway et al. (2009).
Investing 46 children, she found they showed short-term working memory deficits, which could be the cause of their reading problems. It suggests they cannot hold all speech sounds long enough to form a word.
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What does research into dyslexia conclude about children and adults with dyslexia?
That they have an underlying cognitive impairment, leading to a shorter memory span.
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Why is it difficult to isolate phonological reasons for the impairment?
Dyslexia is comorbid with other learning difficulties.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What will children with dyslexia find difficult to do?
Back
Read fluently, and accurately.
Card 3
Front
What percentage of children does dyslexia affect?
Back
Card 4
Front
To whom is dyslexia more prevalent, boys or girls?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is dyslexia characterised as having a particular difficulty with?
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