Learning through observing and imitating behaviour of others
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Name 2 strengths of the behaviourist approach
Can be extremely useful having practical applications in a range of different settings (e.g. treating phobias). Highlights the role of nurture and the important influence environment has on our behaviour.
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Name 2 weaknesses of the behaviourist approach
Ignores influence of nature on behaviour, failing to take into account how genetics and biology can place limits on what a person can learn. Favours lab experiments and therefore often has low ecological validity.
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What were 2 of Bandura's hypotheses?
Children exposed to an aggressive model would reproduce aggressive acts resembling those of their models. Observing non-aggressive adults would inhibit the children's behaviour and they would display less aggression than control group (no model).
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What were another 2 of Bandura's hypotheses?
Boys would show more aggression than girls particularly in the male aggressive role model condition. Children would imitate behaviour from the same sex model more than the opposite-sex model
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Describe the research method used in this study
Laboratory experiment, Matched pairs design (rated on a 5-point rating scales of aggressiveness by experimenter and teacher)
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What was the IV in this study?
Whether the child witnessed an aggressive/non-aggressive/non model in phase 1. Sex of model (male/female). Sex of child (girl/boy)
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What was the DV in this study?
The amount of imitative behaviour and aggression shown by the child in phase 3
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How was aggression measured?
By the male model, and 2nd researcher observing through a one-way mirror and noting down at 5s intervals: Non-aggressive/Non-imitative aggression/Partial imitation/imitation of verbal aggression/imitation of physical aggression
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Describe the sample used in Bandura's study
72 children (36m,36f), 37-69 months (mean of 52 months), All came from Stanford university nursery school
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Describe phase one in Bandura's study
Children (not control group) were taken individually to a room. Where the aggressive/non-aggressive model came.
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How long did the children play and with what in room 1?
10 minutes, potato prints, and picture stickers.
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What did the non-aggressive model do in phase 1 ?
assembled the tinker toys ignored the bobo doll
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What did the aggressive model do in phase 1?
Began by assembling a Tinkertoy set but after a minute turned to a bobo doll and started verbally and physically aggressing it, using a standardised procedure.
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What happened in phase 2 of this experiment?
Child was individually taken to second room and mildly aggressively aroused. First they were allowed to play with nice toys but after 2 minutes were taken away saying they were for others. (all children took part)
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What happened in phase 3 experiment?
Child was taken into a third room which contained both non-aggressive (doll, tea-set) and aggressive toys (bobo doll, gun). Observed through a one-way mirror for 20 minutes.
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Describe the results of the aggressive condition
Children showed significantly more imitation of physical and verbal aggressive behaviour and non-aggressive verbal responses (than other groups). Showed more partial imitation and non-imitative physical and verbal aggression than other two groups.
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Describe the results of the non-aggressive condition
Children showed very little aggression, not always significantly less than control group.
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Describe the results of the boys
Produced more imitative physical aggression than girls. Imitated male models more than girls for physical and verbal aggression, non-imitative aggression and gun play
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Describe the results of the girls
Imitated female models more than boys for verbal aggression and non-imitative aggression. Overall the male model had a greater influence on the children than the female model.
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Name 2 conclusions of Bandura's study
Children will display imitative (non-)aggressive behaviours displayed by adult models even if model isn't present. Children can learn behaviour through observation and imitation.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Name 2 strengths of the behaviourist approach
Back
Can be extremely useful having practical applications in a range of different settings (e.g. treating phobias). Highlights the role of nurture and the important influence environment has on our behaviour.
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