The distress shown by an infant when seperated from his/her caregiver by someone unfamilar
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Stranger Anxiety
The distress shown by an infant when approached or picked up be someone unfamiliar
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Primary Attachment Figure
The person who has formed the closest bond with the child. Usually the mother but it can be others (adoptive parent/s or father etc.)
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Schaffer & Emerson
60 infants from working class homes. Mothers were visited every 4 weeks, reported their infants response to seperation, Described the intensity on a 4 point scale. Asked who the protest was directed at.
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Stage 1
Birth till 2 months infants produce similar responses to all objects. After 2 mothers they show greater preference to social stimuli.
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Stage 2
4 months=more social. Can distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar. Still comforted by anyone and don't show stranger anxiety. Enjoyment of being with people.
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Stage 3
7 months=begin to show distinctive protest for certain people (seperation anxiety & primary attachment figure).
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Stage 4
Soon after the main attachment is formed they begin to make multiple attachments.
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Development of Attachment. Evaluation 1
Schaffer & Emerson's data may be unreliable. Based on mothers report. Some mothers may have been less sensitive than others on their reports.
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Development of Attachment. Evaluation 2
Biased sample. Working class- no other social groups, parental care had changed massively since the 1960s. Findings can be applied to todays society.
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Development of Attachment. Evaluation 3
Can't be proven that all attachments are equal. Bowlby believed that there was one primary attachment and others. Rutter, all attachments are integrated to produce as infant's attachment type.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Seperation Anxiety
Back
The distress shown by an infant when seperated from his/her caregiver by someone unfamilar
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