Development Dynamics

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Intermediate Technology
Intermediate technology is development projects that aim to use simpler technologies that are right for the people, right for the environment, making use of the skill set and resources of a local area.
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Bottom-Up Development
Small scale development projects funded by NGOs, with a local scale aim to improve local areas with solutions to small scale issues.
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Top-Down Development
Large scale development projects, funded by the government with a national aim to improve the country.
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Adult Literacy Rate
The percentage of adults (citizens over 16) of the population that can read and write in their own language.
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Financial Aid
Financial Support that is given by one country to another country.
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FDI
Foreign Direct Investment is when a company (normally a TNC) in one country, makes and investment in another country. This investment could be buying a business or factory in another country, or expanding their own business in that country.
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Imports
A good or product brought into a country from another country.
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Primary Employment Sector
Employment in any job that requires the extraction of raw materials from the land. E.g. fishing, farming and mining
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NGOs
Non-Governmental Organisations are not linked to the government of any country. These are normally charities, e.g. water aid.
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Socio-Political Development
This type of development relates more to society and involves things like education, health care provisions, safety or freedom of speech.
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Sustainable Development
Sustainable Development is when the development meets the needs of the current generation, witput
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Demographic Data
Data that covers socio-economic characteristics, such as population, race, income, education and employment.
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GNI
Gross National Income is the total GDP value and any additional income received from foreign investment and remittance payments from diaspora.
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Death Rate
The number of deaths per 1,000 of the population per year.
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Multi-lateral Aid
Financial Support given through international organisations such as the "World Bank", rather than through countries.
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Tied Aid
Financial Support that is given by a country to another country that is dependant on certain agreements. E.g. money may be given if the debt is paid back with interest.
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Economic development
This is considered to be the most important and involves ways of making money. Governments around the world wish for this type of development to happen because it means the money they can gain through taxes can go to develop other aspects of the coun
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Outsourcing
Governments around the world wish for this type of development to happen because it means the money they can gain through taxes can go to develop other aspects of the country. e.g. infrastructure projects such as roads, hospitals and schools
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Exports
A good or product that is sold out of a country into another country.
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TNC
A transnational corporation is a company that operates in at least two countries. The HQ is generally located in the country that the corporation was founded in while the manufacturing plants, are located in emerging and developing countries where la
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Colonialism
Historically when a country gained full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically. E.g. British Empire was when Britain colonised many countries (now known as the Commonwealth countr
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Neo-Coloialism
The use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries.
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Topography
The arrangement of the natural, physical features of an area. E.g. the topography was very mountainous.
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Climate
The average rainfall and average temperature that a location receives, per month or per year.
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Inequality
The average rainfall and average temperature that a location receives, per month or per year.
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Infant Mortality Rate
The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births.
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Maternal Mortality Rate
The annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management.
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Fertility Rate
The number of live births per 1,000 women of childbearing age (usually ages 15 to 44) in a given year.
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Birth Rate
The number of babies born per 1,000 of the population, per year.
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Corruption Perception Index
The CPI ranks countries by their ‘perceived levels of corruption’ and define corruption as the ‘misuse of public power for private benefit’.
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Life Expectancy
The number of years someone is expected to live from birth.
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Human Development Index
Measures many different development indicators, including life expectancy, adult literacy rate and GDP/capita. Provides a number between 0 and 1. The closer the number to 1, the more developed the country.
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Gross Domestic Product Per Capita
The total value of all goods and services produced in a country per year, divided by the total population of the country. Measured in $.
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Gross Domestic Product
The total value of all goods and services produced in a country per year. Measured in $.
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Infrastructure
The physical and organisational structures and facilities (e.g. buildings, roads, power supplies, and communication links) needed for the operation of a society.
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Employment Structure
The percentage of the population working in each of the four employment sectors within a country.
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Secondary Employment Sector
Employment (work) in any job that requires manufacturing (making) a product, usually in factories.
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Tertiary Employment Sector
Employment (work) in any job that provides a service to the population. E.g teachers and doctors.
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Quaternary Employment Sector
Employment (work) in any job that is involved with knowledge-based services, especially research and development and consultancy.
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Industrialisation
The increase in the percentage of the population moving from working in the primary employment sector to working in the secondary employment sector.
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De-Industrialisation
The decrease in the percentage of the population working in the secondary employment sector and the increase of people working in the tertiary employment sector.
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Urbanisation
The increase in the percentage of people living in urban areas (towns and cities)
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Migration
The movement of people from one location to another location.
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Rural to Urban Migration
The movement of people from rural (countryside) areas to urban (town and cities) areas.
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Internal (Domestic) Migration
The movement of people within a country.
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International Migration
The movement of people from one country to another country.
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Globalisation
The process whereby the world is becoming more inter-connected as a result of global trade and cultural exchange.
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Urban Core Region
A region of a country that is more developed both economically and socially than the rest of the country.
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Rural Periphery Region
A region of a country that is less developed, both economically and socially than the rest of the country.
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Diaspora
The spread of people living in countries that are not their homeland.
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Remittance Payments
Money that is sent back to the homeland (original) country by diaspora living abroad.
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What are the 5 steps to Rostow's Modernisation Theory?
Traditional Society, Preconditions for Take-Off, Take Off, Drive to Maturity, Age of Mass Consumption
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Small scale development projects funded by NGOs, with a local scale aim to improve local areas with solutions to small scale issues.

Back

Bottom-Up Development

Card 3

Front

Large scale development projects, funded by the government with a national aim to improve the country.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The percentage of adults (citizens over 16) of the population that can read and write in their own language.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Financial Support that is given by one country to another country.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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