Development Dilemnas

Geography EdExcel B.

No case studies.

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What is development?
Social and economic changes ie. income and economy.
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What are development indicators?
GDP, PPP, life expectancy, literacy rate, poverty line, dependency ratio, being underfed, access to safe drinking water, overseas debt, infant and maternal mortality.
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Which development indicators are a) social b) environmental c) economic?
a) underfed, literacy rate, life expectancy. b) access to safe drinking water. c) GDP, PPP, poverty line, overseas debt, dependency ratio.
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What is GDP?
Gross Domestic Product. Total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year. Divide GDP by pop. to get GDP per capita.
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What is PPP?
Purchasing Power Parity. GDP given in terms of what it will buy using local prices.
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What is the poverty line?
The minimum level of income required to meet a person's basic needs. World Bank say $1.25 per person, per day.
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What is dependency ratio?
The proportion of people too young (>15) or too old (
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What is a) infant mortality b) maternal mortality?
a) number of children per 1000 births who die before 1. b) number of women per 100,000 who die during childbirth.
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What is CPI?
Corruption Perception Index. Helps investors work out where their money would be safest.
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What is HDI?
Human Development Index. Consists of: life expectancy, literacy rate, average no years in school, GDP per capita.
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What is the Brandt line?
Indicates where the North-South Divide is.
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What is the North-South Divide/Development Gap?
Difference between HICs (mainly North) and LICs (mainly South) in terms of GDP and quality of life.
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What are the features of a developing country in a population pyramid?
Wide base (high fertility rate), thin top (low life expectancy).
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What are the features of a developed country in a population pyramid?
Narrow base (low fertility rate), ageing population.
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What are NICs and MICs and which countries are they?
Newly Industrialised Countries. SE Asia ie. Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand. Middle Income Countries. Latin America ie. Peru, Chile, Brazil.
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What are RICs and which countries are in in BRICs?
Rapidly Industrialising Countries. Brazil, Russia, India, China.
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Which development barriers are a) social b) environmental c) economic?
a) HIV/AIDS b) drought c) debt and poor infrastructure.
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What are the stages of Rostow's Model of Development/Modernisation Theory?
1) Traditional Society. 2) Transitional Stage. 3) Take Off. 4) Drive to Maturity. 5) High Mass Consumption.
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What is the Traditional Society stage?
Most work in agriculture, 'subsistence economy' (no surplus).
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What is the Transitional stage?
Shift from farming to manufacturing. Profits invested in infrastructure.
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What is the Take Off stage?
Rapid growth in investment and technology.
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What is the Drive to Maturity stage?
Period of growth where technology is used. Industries produce consumer goods.
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What is the High Mass Consumption stage?
Period of comfort. Societies spend wealth on military strength, education or luxuries.
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What are the countries categorised in, in Frank's Dependency Theory?
Core, Semi-Periphery, Periphery.
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What happens in Frank's Dependency Theory?
Low value, raw materials traded between periphery and core. Core manufactures them into high value products and gain more profit. The periphery depends on core for food imports.
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Why did Frank disagree with Rostow?
The periphery countries aren't more primitive than wealthier countries, but are weaker members of the global economy and ruled by the wealthier ones (don't let the poorer countries develop).
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What is a top down development?
Planned and controlled by the government, often more expensive (borrow from world banks) but covers a wider area.
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What is a bottom up development?
Planned and controlled by local people, cheaper, covers a smaller area and does less environmental damage.
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What is globalisation?
Countries becoming increasingly more connected to each other.
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What are the effects of globalisation?
National borders less important, out-sourcing, culture (film, music, language, fashion), increased volume and variety of trade, increased speed of technology.
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What is inter-dependence?
When one country depends on another (usually a HIC and LIC).
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What is out-sourcing?
Putting a company's services outside their country to profit (ie. using labour in a country with lower wages).
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What is FDI?
Foreign Direct Investment. A company invests in a country and supplies services there ie. infrastructure.
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What is subsistence farming?
Only growing enough food to provide for you and your family.
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Describe the steps of the multiplier effect.
1. Investment 2. Industry grows 3. Workforce needed 4. Economic migration 5. Houses/services needed. 6. Workers provide this 7. Need food 8. Shops open, more services needed 9. Demand for more workers 10. Growth continues (economy/pop expand).
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What is a core region in a city?
An area at the heart of economic activity.
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What is sharecropping?
Half of what farmers produce are given to landowners as rent.
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Describe the steps of the cycle of poverty.
Subsistence agriculture >> Little or no surplus of farm produce >> Little or no income >> No investment in land improvement, machinery or materials ie. fertilizer.
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NEXT QUESTIONS ARE EXAM STYLE QUESTIONS - ANSWER YOURSELF.
NEXT QUESTIONS ARE EXAM STYLE QUESTIONS - ANSWER YOURSELF.
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Explain the changes in employment structure that have occurred in emerging countries. [4 marks]
Explain why the fertility rate declines as the economies or countries develop. [3 marks]
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Describe the strengths and weaknesses of a) GDP and b) HDI as an indicator of development. [4 marks]
Explain why wealth is needed to improve health and education. [4/6 marks]
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Explain why better health and education can improve a country's wealth. [4/6 marks]
Describe two indicators which can be used to show a country's level of development. [4 marks]
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are development indicators?

Back

GDP, PPP, life expectancy, literacy rate, poverty line, dependency ratio, being underfed, access to safe drinking water, overseas debt, infant and maternal mortality.

Card 3

Front

Which development indicators are a) social b) environmental c) economic?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is GDP?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is PPP?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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