neural integration of environmental stimulus which influences normal patterns of development
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babies come into the world with what
motives
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name 3 motives
contemplating of itself, manipulation of objects and communication/interaction with others
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through what do babies have these predispositional motives
evolutionary adaptation
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these predispositions also what
expect certain patterns of behaviour from others
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what are to pieces of evidence for these innate motives
matching expressions and still face
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how is 'matching expressions' evidence for the motivations
This is a clear sign babies are attempting to engage in interaction. Some scientists regard this as a neonatal reflex but matching expressions never 'drops out'
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why do neonatal reflexes often 'drop out'
most likely higher brain activity takes control
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how is the 'still face' evidence for motivations
the baby is distressed when given a still face, they are expecting certain patterns of behaviour from others that is not happening
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What time span does trevarthens theory apply to
the first year of life
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how many 'modes' are in the theory
2
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what are they called
the communicative mode and the praxic mode
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how many 'stages' are in the theory
3
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what are they called
primary intersubjectivity, epoch of games, secondary intersubjectivity
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draw the theory with labeled modes and games
...
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during the first stage, primary intersubjective, babies are super oriented to what
social stimuli
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interactions of the first stage, primary intersubjective, are what
dyadic
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give 2 examples
mutual gaze, rythmic interaction
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what is rythmic interaction
ticking, caressing etc.
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after primary intersubjectivity what happens and when
a reversal of motivations at 6 months
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what stage are we now in
Epoch of games
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babies now super oriented to what
manipulation of objects
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after epoch of games what happens and when
secondary intersubjectivity, 8 months
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what happens in this stage
the communicative and praxic mode, become infused
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this is evidenced by what
infants start to use objects in communication
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this communication is what
triadic
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give 3 examples of triadic communication seen in the secondary intersubjective stage
joint attention, intentional communication and social referencing
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what is social referencing
use of emotional signals of a social partner to influence approach/avoidance to a novel object
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how has evidence for it
source et al, 1985
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what was the experiment called
visual cliff
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if they mother gave a happy expression, babies crossed what proportion of the time
2/3
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if they mother gave a fearful expression, babies crossed what proportion of the time
not at all
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what is joint attention
ability to follow the point/gaze of social partner to an object
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who created stages for joint attention
George Butterworth
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what did he find
babies do not look behind or fixate on objects until about 18 months
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what is intentional communication
ability to capture and redirect the attention of a social partner
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what 3 similarities does trevarthens model have with piagets sensorimotor
both start with a reflex stage, then a bio behavioural shift then a second bio behavioural shift
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