Development 6 Temperament 2

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  • Created by: CaliFish
  • Created on: 25-04-17 19:21
what well known psychological experiment measures attachment
The strange situation
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what is attachment about
a relationship between two people
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however, many developmental theorists do what
focus on the mother as individually responsible for attachment type
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what is supposed to be the biggest influence of attachment type
maternal sensitivity
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who and when studied maternal sensitivity
Ainsworth et al, 1978
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explain the manor of the study
detailed, long, frequent home observations in the first year of life, of middle class families
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what did Ainsworth do with this detailed description
rate evidence of maternal sensitivity from 28 global sensitivity scales
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what type of prediction did Ainsworth have for attachment type, after known maternal sensitivty level
substancial, 0.6/0.7
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who and when also studied maternal sensitivity
Isabella, Belsky and Von Eye, 1989
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what did they call it
interactional synchrony
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how did their methods differ from Ainsworth
they used less detailed, more objective measures (recorded interaction on video)
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what were their findings
intentional synchrony from children aged 3-9 months did predict attachment type, but only a moderate amount, 0.3/0.4 and after 9 months no predictability value at all
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why might this be
mothers are more in control of intentional synchrony before the infant is able to move
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what thing made people notice attachment is a relationship construct
temperament
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who and when studied temperament very early
Bell et al, 1971
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what did Bell call temperament
'child effects'
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how did he measure temperament
measuring negative affective responses after removal of dummy
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this type of behaviour, according to Bell could predict what
insecure attachment likelihood
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After Bell, many more objective studies were conducted that were interested in the relationship between temperament and attachment, what did they similarly find
attachment can be predicted by the child's negative reactivity and emotion regulation
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therefore what conclusions can we draw when considering Ainsworth
temperament may be just as important as maternal sensitivity, when predicting attachment
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who and when conducted a study to test this
Seifer et al, 1996
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what did they find
maternal sensitivity was predictive of attachment up until 6 months, but after temperament was accounted for, maternal sensitivity had no predictive utility
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who and when did a maternal sensitivity intervention study
Van Der Boom 1994
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who were Van der Boom's participants
100, irritable 6-9month olds, from low SES backgrounds
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why did she pick them especially
they are more at risk to insecure attachments
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how were they divided
50 intervention and 50 control
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what did the intervention involve
6 hours of home visits
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what did they find in the mothers
after 9 months, the intervention mothers were more stimulating, responsive and controlling of infants
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but what did they in the infants
temperament of the child had changed
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what previous views of temperament were now questionable
If temperament was really an innate, consistent and stable characteristic
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however, what were the 2 issues of this study
intervention was unclear and controls still received home visits
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in terms of attachment, what were the %'s
intervention was 62% secure and control was 28% insecure
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what does adjustment refer to
outcomes
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what is the big question
does early temperament predict outcome in later life
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what are the two types of outcome, with examples
internalised (anxiety and withdrawal) and externalised (aggression and delinquency)
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Prior, 1992 found what
the temperament and adjustment relationship is moderate in strength
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who and when studied temperament and adjustment properly
Caspi et al, 1995
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how many participants were there
800+
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where were they from
New Zealand
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what age children were studied for temperament
3-4
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what age children were studied for outcomes
9-15
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what did they find
lack of control was the best predictor of outcomes, specifically externalising (0.3)
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what was a method problem of this study
only measured temperament with 3 constituents, lack of control, approachability and sluggishness
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what are the possible interpretations of this study
the problems seen at 3, were still present at 15. Or a childs temperament effects their environment and interactions with the people, and these are what produce adjustment problems
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who and when studied cultural effects of temperament
DeVries 1984
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what did they find
children with difficult temperaments survived
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what is attachment about

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a relationship between two people

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however, many developmental theorists do what

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Card 4

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what is supposed to be the biggest influence of attachment type

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Card 5

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who and when studied maternal sensitivity

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