Development 4 intentional communication

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  • Created by: CaliFish
  • Created on: 24-04-17 11:32
Intentional communication has what kind of topic
Discernible
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what does discernible mean
noticeable/detectable
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is it directed at real or conceptual objects and events
both, real and conceptual
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what is the difference between pre-intentional and intentional communication
pre-intentional is expressive i.e crying and laughing and intentional is denotative i.e pointing
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what does denotative mean
about something
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what are the two types of communication development
vocal and visual
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vocal can be further split into what
production and perception
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explain the perception development of vocal communication
phonemic discriminations of native language
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explain the production development of vocal communication
nonspeech communication i.e cries and squeals into speech-like and speech communication i.e babbling and first words
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explain the production development of visual communication
producing intentional genstures i.e pointing
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name the two types of points
protoimperative and protodeclarative
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what is protoimperative pointing
pointing to request an object
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explain protoimperative pointing in terms of goals
a goal directed behaviour but the goal is blocked
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explain the 4 stages of protoimperative pointing shown by an infant
1. behaviour to get attention i.e auditory 2. response waiting 3. the referential, directive gesture 4. if ignored, continued or heightened behaviour
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what other behaviour may co-occur during this period
gaze alternation
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define gaze alteration
changing attention from communicative partner and the object
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what is the goal of protoimperative pointing
delivery of object
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what is the means of protoimperative pointing
the communicative partner
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what is the reinforcer of protoimperative pointing
past experience of delivery of objects
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what is the cognitive prerequisite of protoimperative pointing
expectation that the social partner with deliver requested items/ means to ends reasoning
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what is protodeclarative pointing
draw attention to an object to comment on it or share interest in it
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what are the three theories that attempt to explain protodelcarative pointing
nativist, cognitive and social learning theories
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who is a crucial figure in the nativist theory of pointing
George Butterworth
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explain his view on pointing in a sentence
pointing is a biologically based and species specific behaviour in humans
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according the the nativist theory, how did pointing come about
as an evolutionary adaption
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according the the nativist theory , pointing is a precursor to what
linguistic references
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explain Darwin's antithesis
organisms display opposite emotions with opposite body postures
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according the the nativist theory, what is the antithesis of a whole handed point
a power grip
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according the the nativist theory, what is the antithesis of a index finger point
a precision grip
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explain the developmental history of gripping
humans move from power grips to precision grips when picking up objects in the first 2 years of life
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according the the nativist theory, whole hand pointing represents what
a low cognitive resolution of the environment
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who displays whole handed pointing
apes
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according the the nativist theory, index finger pointing represents what
a precise understanding and complex representation of the environment
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who display index-finger pointing
humans
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give 3 pieces of evidence in favour of the nativist view
1. humans are anatomically and biochemically engineered to point with the index finger 2. there is next no evidence of apes pointing in the wild 3. captive chimpanzees mainly point whole-handedy
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give 3 pieces of evidence against the nativist view
1. humans quite often point with the whole hand 2. there is some evidence of apes pointing in the wild 3. the pointing habits of captive chimpanzees depends heavily on their rearing and human interaction history
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what interesting fact did leavens and hopkins, 1991 find
language trained chimpanzees point more with their index finger than 8-12 month human infants do
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describe the whole of the nativist theory in two words
motivational and maturational
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who was a crucial figure in the cognitive theory of pointing
Baron-Cohen
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explain his view on pointing in a sentence
imperative and declarative pointing can be seen to rely on the understanding of others as intentional agents, each has their own intentional and intentional agenda
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according to the cognitive Rich interpretation, what is the goal of pointing
joint attention to distal object with social partner
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according to the cognitive Rich interpretation, what is the means this joint attention
the object
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according to the cognitive Rich interpretation what is the reinforcer
successful joint attention
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according to the cognitive Rich interpretation what is the cognitive prerequisite
ability to represent others as beings with spirit attentional focus/representational thought
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give a point of evidence for the cognitive theory
why would children work to change the perspective of a social partner if they did not understand the other person had a perspective of their own
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who and when conducted a study against the cognitive theory
Liszkowski et al, 2004
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explain what happened in the experiment
the experimenter and infant sat around a table, panels would open and the child would point at the open panel that contained something interesting
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name the 4 conditions
joint attention, face only, event only, ignore
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what happened in the joint attention condition
if infant pointed, the experimenter would head turn to object, turn back and give happy response
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what happened in the face only condition
if infant pointed, the experimenter would not head turn to object but give happy response
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what happened in the event only condition
if infant pointed, the experimenter would head turn to object but give no happy response
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what happened in the ignore condition
if infant pointed, experimenter gave neither response
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what did they find
points per trial in order of highest to lowest, face only, event only, ignore, joint attention
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Liszkowki's interpretation
infants understand something about attention and the independent attentional perspective of others
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describe the whole of the cognitive theory in two words
computational and representational
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Where Moore and Corkum interpret it as what
operant conditioning, infants understand that a point will tend to lead to a head turn and interesting response
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operant conditioning is part of what theory
social learning theory
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according to the social lean interpretation, what is the goal of pointing
affective response from caregiver
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according to the social lean interpretation, what is the means
the object
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according to the social lean interpretation, what is the reinforcer
an emotional signal
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according to the social lean interpretation, what is the cognitive prerequisite
expectation that partner will exhibit positive emotional response
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give 3 pieces of evidence for the social learning theory
1. babies express positive emotions during object play with their mothers 2. babies express more positive emotion during protodeclarative behaviours than protoimperative behaviours 3. parents synchronise their smiling with their pointing
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give 3 pieces of evidence against the social learning theory
1. there is extreme rarity of declarative pointing in other animal species 2. if it was a learning phenomenanen would be able to train to do this, little evidence 3. absence of evidence for the necessity of positive emotions
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Card 4

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what is the difference between pre-intentional and intentional communication

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Card 5

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what does denotative mean

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