Development 2 Prenatal development

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  • Created by: CaliFish
  • Created on: 11-04-17 15:28
what do you call animals that evolved with spinal chords
chordates
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give an example of a chordate
human
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most, but not all, chordates also have what
a bony vertebral column
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give another name for pre natal development
antenatal
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early scientific views were influenced by what
the invention of the microscope
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when was this
1590
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Nicolaas Hartsoeker came up with what theory and when
the preformation theory, 1695
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according to this theory, prenatal development was what?
entirely a matter of growth because the sperm was a tiny fully formed adult
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in what century was this theory proven incorrect
19th
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why was this theory proven incorrect
development of optics and technology
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other than growth, prenatal development involves what
substancial differentiation
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what ideology, present ever since Aristotle is still around today (both names)
Scala Naturae/the great chain of being
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what view is this?
a teleological view, the philosophical study of nature by attempting to describe things in terms of purpose, directive principle or goal
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what theory is in agreement with Scala Naturae
the theory of recapitulation
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what does this theory entail
as huan infants develop, they pass the fully grown adult stages of animals below them on the chain
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say the phrase that describes this theory
ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny
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define ontogeny
the development of an individual
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define phylogeny
the development and diversification of a species
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name the 3 stages of prenatal development (in order)
germinal, embryonic and foetal
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the germinal stage is from when to when?
conception to implantation
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the embryonic stage is from when to when?
implantation to 2 months
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the foetal stage is from when to when?
2 months to birth
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conception is what
fusion of the gametes, egg and sperm
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the fusion forms a what
a zygote
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this zygote replicates till its called a what
morula
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the morula is composed of what type of cells
stem cells
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stem cells are what (2 features)
identical and pluripotent
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the morula continues to divide until its called a what
blastocyte
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where does the blastocyte travel to
implants in the uterine walls
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why is this significant
the mother and developing infant now share a blood supply
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in the embryonic stage, the blastocyte does what
differentiate into 3 types of cells
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name these 3 types of cells
ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm cells
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ectoderm cells are the basis of what?
the CNS and outer layers of skin and teeth
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mesoderm cells are the basis of what?
bones, muscles and inner layers of skin
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endoderm cells are the basis of what?
the gastro intestines, lung and digestive organs
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the neural tube is the basis of what
the spinal chord
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at the end of the embryonic stage what features are distinct
arms, legs and CNS
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by the foetal stage, the foetus responds to what type of stimuli?
pain, pressure and temperature
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what reflex does it show
the riding reflex
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what is the riding reflex
the repositioning of the foetus to an upright positioning
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this shows the development of what
the vestibular system
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what is a teratogen
an agent of factor that causes malformation of an embryo or foetus
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what 4 features to teratogens have (and describe)
dose-response relation (the more exposure leads to worser damage), sleeper effects (impact of a teratogen may not be noticeable straight away), individual differences (i.e genetic susceptibility), cumulative impact (combination of harmful agents)
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describe sensitive period, in terms of teratogens
certain organs are more vulnerable to certain teratogens at certain times
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give two examples of teratogens
Thalidomide and Alcohol
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what was thalidomide designed to treat
insomnia, morning sickness and headaches
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what organs of the developing infant did it effect
arms, legs and heart
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why did people believe it had no negative impact on the developing infant
the widely held view of the time was that chemicals could not cross the placental barrier, when in fact it is semi-permeable
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what happened to the babies, whose mothers took thalidomide after their limbs had fully formed
nothing
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if pregnant women drink alcohol, their baby is likely to be a sufferer of what
foetal alcohol syndrome
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what system does alcohol effect
the CNS
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what are the symptoms of foetal alcohol syndrome
facial features, macrocephaly, learning, vision and hearing difficulties
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

give an example of a chordate

Back

human

Card 3

Front

most, but not all, chordates also have what

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

give another name for pre natal development

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

early scientific views were influenced by what

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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