Development 17 Gender development 2

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  • Created by: CaliFish
  • Created on: 10-05-17 16:58
stereotypical gender preferences _________
develop
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explain the developmental life of a gender preference
at 3-4 years, stereotypical gender preferences emerge. at 4-5 years, there is avoidance of stereotypical other-sex things. Boys masculine preferences increase with ages, where as girls feminine preferences decrease at 5-6, and masculine pref increase
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Levy et al 1995 thinks this is because of what
girls and boys both view boys with feminine traits more negative than girls with masculine traits
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what is this theoritically named
gender boundary maintenance
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who are stricter with this boundary
boys/dads/males
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explain the developmental life of gender stereotypes
3 years - stereotype of objects and activities, 3-5 - stereotypes of occupations. 5 - stereotypes of personality. 7 - ceiling level of stereotype
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gender development is a very _____ term
vague
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give 4 distinctions within 'gender development'
developmental changes shared by boys and girls. development changes different for boys and girls. developmental differences within boys. developmental differences within girls.
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gender is ______-________
multi-dimensional
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according to social learning theory, who teaches gender roles
socialising agents
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give two examples of socialising agents
parents and siblings
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what are the main question for parental influence
do parents treats boys and girls differently and what effects on stereotypes does this have
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who and when found that parents treat boys and girls differently
willis et al, 1976
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how
dressed up boys or girls as boys or girls, smiled more at 'Beth' and more likely to give her a doll
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Rubin et al, 1974 found what
parents describe their babies differently, based on gender stereotypes, though no actual biological differences
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fagot, 1978 found what
boys and girls encouraged and discouraged to do certain activities
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however this evidence is _____
mixed
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a meta analysis by maccoby and Jacklin in 1974 found what
No evidence for sex differences for parental influence
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however this evidenced was derived from who
only mothers
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Lyton and Romney, 1991 did another met analysis WITH fathers and found what 2 things
firstly, age was a cruicial variable in the extent of parental influence but more important, there was a difference in the activities encouraged
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who further focused on parental influence of activities
Eccles
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what theory did Eccles form
the expectancy value theory
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explain the 4 steps in how parents influence their childrens activities
Gender stereotype > perception on competence > expectation > opportunity
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She did a longitudinal study where and of who
Michigan, 600 kids
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parents of daughters, believe they were more competent in what
English and music (although didnt play an instrument)
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parents of sons, believed they were more competent in what
sport
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was this competence a reflection of reality
NO
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what did they find for maths
parents of boys who had succeded in maths percieved it as a natural talent, parents of girls who succeded in maths perceived it as effort
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social learning theory would view fathers to have a ______ and ________ influence on childrens gender role development
significant and unique
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a meta-analysis found what type of differences between families with and without fathers
small
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what were their findings
young children in father absent family were less stereotyped and older children in father absent family were more stereotyped
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however these differences were not clear, why
effect size varied on SES, Age and reason for fathers absence
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the Avon longitudinal study found what
no difference in gender-role behaviour of father or father absent families
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who, other than parents, are strong socialising agents
siblings
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infact, their gender behaviours are more what
salient
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Golonvok 2000, found what 4 differences
boys with other brothers were more gender typed, girls with older sisters were more gender typed, boys with older sisters were more fem but not less masc, girls with older sisters were less mass but not more feminine
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how do influences change for parents and siblings
first borns are more influenced by parents and second borns are more influenced by siblings
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explain the developmental life of a gender preference

Back

at 3-4 years, stereotypical gender preferences emerge. at 4-5 years, there is avoidance of stereotypical other-sex things. Boys masculine preferences increase with ages, where as girls feminine preferences decrease at 5-6, and masculine pref increase

Card 3

Front

Levy et al 1995 thinks this is because of what

Back

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Card 4

Front

what is this theoritically named

Back

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Card 5

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who are stricter with this boundary

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