Development 16 Gender development 1

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  • Created by: CaliFish
  • Created on: 10-05-17 09:13
there are more ________ than ______ between the sexes
similarities, differences
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the biggest differences are what
physiological/biological
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name 5 psychological differences
temperament, cognition, academic, social, aggression
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what differences are there in temperament
boys have higher activity level
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what is interesting about this difference
it gets bigger from infancy to childhood
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what are 3 aspects of cognition
IQ, verbal skills and spatial skills
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who has a higher IQ
Neither, identical
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who has better verbal skills
girls (writing more so than reading)
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who has better spatial skills
boys (gets bigger in adolescence)
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what are the differences and similarities in academic achievement
girls better in all other than maths, in maths they're the same
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within social achievement where is the biggest difference
self regulation
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girls are more what
emphatic, sympathetic, compliant and better at resisting temptation
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what are the two types of aggression
direct and indirect
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explain the relationships of direct aggression
in general, direct aggression decreases over time but the difference between boys and girls increases (boys more)
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what about indirect aggression
girls more
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what are the theories behind why these gender differences exist
biological, social learning and cognitive
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what are the 3 subgenres within the biological theory
evolutionary, hormones and genetics
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the evolutionary approach says we are _____ driven to produce certain behaviours that offer a ________
unconsciously, reproductive advantage
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explain this for girls
more focus on relationships = ensures survival of offspring
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explain this for boys
more physically active and aggressive = can defend and support woman and child
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what condition is an example of hormones effect on gender differences
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
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what happens in CAH
a chromosomal female (**) gets exposed to a male womb environment
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most often, these girls end up doing what
identifying as male
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genetic differences were shown through a TEDS study, what is this
twin early development study
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what differences in gender did they study
preferences (for toys and play activities etc)
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what did they find
genetic influence was strong, as correlation was higher for MZ
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what extra thing did they study, labelled T-YS
the younger sibling of twins
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what did they find
moderate correlation
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what are boys effected by that girls are
shared environment
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name the two social theories
social learning theory and social cognitive theory
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how does social learning theory believe gender differences come about
children learn their gender roles from their socialising agents peers, parents and teachers
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what two types of learning
reinforcement and modelling
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what is interesting about reinforcement
fathers are more likely to be positive and praise same-sex behaviour for boys, but more likely to be critical for other-sex behaviour in boys
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what is interesting about modelling
there is no correlation between children gender role behaviour and their parents gender role behaviour
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what is major problem with this theory
children seen as passive
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what are 3 key influences in socio-cognitive theory
modelling, enactive experience, direct tuition
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what is a major issue with both/all social theories
they're adevelopmental
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what does adevelopmental mean
do not take into account the childs increasing cognitive abilities or the different ways of learning at different ages
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name 2 cognitives theories
cognitive developmental theory and gender schema theory
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cognitive development theory is underpinned by what
piaget's theory of cognitive development
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as children children and become more ________ they begin to ________ gender
cognitively sophisticated, understand
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in this study what comes first, brain or behaviour
brain then behaviour
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what is a major problem with this
children show a stereotypical preferences for toys before they fully understand gender
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what is the first stage of understanding and when
gender identity, 2.5 years
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what can children do at this stage
label gender
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what is the second stage of understanding and when
gender stability, 3.5 years
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what can children do at this stage
understand gender is stable
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however, what can they get confused by
superficialities (short hair, dress on man)
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what is the third stage of understanding and when
gender constancy, 6years +
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what can children do at this stage
understand permanence of sex
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however, gender schema theory says that _________ has the central role rather than _________
gender identity, gender constancy
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explain gender schema theory in a sentance
network of gender related guide gender stereotyped processing and behaviour. if info we encounter does NOT match, we ignore it
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what are 2 problems with this
firstly, children have the same amount of stereotyped information about their sex and the other sex so why do presences come in and 2. the order is opposite, the preferences come first then the understanding
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

the biggest differences are what

Back

physiological/biological

Card 3

Front

name 5 psychological differences

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what differences are there in temperament

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is interesting about this difference

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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