Development 1 Scientific methodology

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  • Created by: CaliFish
  • Created on: 11-04-17 15:49
How many steps are involved in a scientific method
5
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What is step 1?
choose a specific question to be answered
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What is step 2?
forumlate a hypothesis
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What is step 3?
develop a method to test it
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What is step 4?
draw conclusions from data
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What is step 5?
repeat
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how many criteria are there of the scientific method
4
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name the 4 criteria
reliability, validity, falsifiability and predictability
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what are the 2 types of reliability
test - retest and inter rater
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what is inter rater reliability
how similar the rater's observations are of witnessing the same behaviour
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what is test - retest reliability
how similar the scores are in correlation to different tests
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what are the 2 types of validity
internal and external
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what is internal validity
if the effects witnessed by the experiment are due to the manipulated variable
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what is external validity
if findings are generalisable
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name 3 developmental psychology designs
cross sectional, longitudinal and micro genetic
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what is a longitudinal design
children are examined repeatedly over time a prolonged period of time
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what are the advantages of a longitudinal design
it indicates the degree of stability of individual differences and reveals individual children patterns of change over long periods
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what are the disadvantages of a longitudinal design
it is difficult to keep all participants in suited and repeatedly testing children can threaten external validity
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what is a cross sectional design
when children of different ages are studied at a single time
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what are the advantages of a cross sectional design
it yields useful data about differences among age groups and is quick and easy
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what are the disadvantages of a cross sectional design
it is uninformative about stability or individual differences over time
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what is a micro genetic design
children are observed intensively over a relatively short time period while a change is occurring
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what are the advantages of a micro genetic design
intensive observations of changes while they are occurring can reveal process of change, reveals individual change patterns over short periods in considerable detail
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what are the disadvantages of a micro genetic design
does not provide information about typical patterns of change or individual difference over long periods of time
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name 2 development data collection types
interviews and observations
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name the two types of interview
structured or clinical
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describe a structured interview
collecting data from self-reports, participants are all asked similar questions. These self report can be from the individual and also sometimes parents, peer and teachers etc.
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what are the advantages of a structured interview
can reveal childrens subjective experience, are inexpensive means for collecting in-depth data about individuals
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describe a clinical interview
in depth focus on individual subject
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what are the advantages of a clinical interview
can reveal children subjective experience, allow flexibility for following up unexpected comments
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what are the disadvantages of interviews over all
reports are often biased to reflect favourably on interviewee, memory of interviewee often inaccurate and incomplete, prediction of future behaviours is often inaccurate
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name the two types of observation
natural and structured
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describe a natural observation
children studied in their usual environment
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what are the advantages of natural observation
useful for describing behaviour in everyday setting, helps illuminate social interaction processes
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what are the disadvantages of natural observation
difficult to know which aspects of situation are most influential, limited value for studying infrequent behaviours
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describe a structured observation
children naturally engaging in designed tasks
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what are the advantages of structured observation
ensures that all childrens behaviours are observed in the same tcontext and allows controlled comparisons of children behaviour in different situations
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what are the disadvantages of structured observation
context is less natural than in natural observation and reveals less about subjective experience than interviews
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all studies perviously mentioned can be what or what?
experimental or correlational
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what is a correlational design
a study intended to indicates how variables are related to each other
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in a correlational dieting which statistic is important
the co-efficient
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what does the co-efficient indicate
the direction and strength of a correlation/relationship
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what are the advantages of a correlational design
only way to compare many groups of interest (i.e boy vs girl, poor vs rich) and only way to establish relationships among many variables of interest (i.e IQ and gender)
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what are the disadvantages of a correlational design
third variable problem and direction-of-causation problem
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what is the third variable problem
the correlation between two variable may be because of an influence an unknown third variable
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what is the direction of causation problem
uncertainty of which variable is influencing which
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what is an experimental design
a study with a clear IV, DV and control
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what are the advantages of an experimental design
allows causal inferences because design rules out direction of causation and third variable problems
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what are the disadvantages of experimental designs
artificial experimental situations cannot be used to study many different variables i.e sex and age.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is step 1?

Back

choose a specific question to be answered

Card 3

Front

What is step 2?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is step 3?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is step 4?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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