Biology-B3-Developing Drugs

?
  • Created by: tonisha_
  • Created on: 29-10-21 19:03
What are drugs?
a substance that alters the way our body behaves
1 of 64
Some drugs relieve?....
symptoms
2 of 64
But others?....
cure the problem
3 of 64
What are Antibiotics?
a type of medicine that only works in bacteria
4 of 64
What is a super bug?
a bacteria that is fully resistant
5 of 64
What is an example of a super bug?
MRSA
(lives on wounds)
6 of 64
How bacteria develops resistance?
-------------------------------------------

The bacteria firstly has a what?
mutation
7 of 64
What does this cause?
the bacteria to become resistant
8 of 64
The what will the medication do?
kill most bacteria
9 of 64
Apart from what?
the resistant bacteria
10 of 64
What will the resistant bacteria then do?
reproduce
11 of 64
What will this cause?
serious infection
12 of 64
Why?
as small diseases will then become dangerous
13 of 64
To prevent this:
-------------------------

Dont over what?
overprescribe antibiotics
only give when absolutely necessary
14 of 64
Dont use for what type of diseases?
viral diseases
15 of 64
Make sure to finish what?
the entire course
16 of 64
And dont use unnecessarily for what?
animals /livestock
17 of 64
What is aspirin?
a painkiller
18 of 64
What does it reduce?
a fever
19 of 64
What is it developed from?
a chemical found in the bark of willow trees
20 of 64
What is Digitalis developed from?
Foxgloves
21 of 64
What is it used to treat?
heart problems
22 of 64
What is Penicillin?
an antibiotic
23 of 64
What is it?
a fungus
24 of 64
What does it treat?
bacterial infections
25 of 64
When testing drugs there are three things to keep in mind
-----------------------------------


What is meant by efficacy?
how well the drug works
26 of 64
What is meant by toxicity?
how harmful it is to our body
27 of 64
For example?
side effects
28 of 64
What is meant by dosage?
how much of the drug is needed
29 of 64
What is another word for this?
concentration
30 of 64
This is about finding the correct what?
amount
31 of 64
with maximised what?
efficacy
32 of 64
and minimised?
toxicity
33 of 64
Drug Testing
--------------------

What is the first stage?
pre clinical
34 of 64
What is the drug tested on here?
human cells and tissues
35 of 64
What does this cheaply test?
many substances
36 of 64
but it doesnt tell us what?
the effect on an entire organ system or organism
37 of 64
This method mainly tests the what of the drug?
toxicity
38 of 64
What is stage 2 of drug testing?
pre clinical
39 of 64
What is the drug tested on here?
a mammal
40 of 64
For example?
a mouse of rabbit
41 of 64
Why are they tested on mammals?
as mammals and humans are similar
42 of 64
This allows us to see the what of a drug?
efficacy and toxicity
43 of 64
What is stage three of drug testing?
clinical
44 of 64
Firstly, what is the drug tested on?
a healthy human volunteer
45 of 64
What type of dose is given in the beginning?
a low dose
46 of 64
Then what do they do to the dosage?
slowly increase it
47 of 64
What are the trying to find here?
the max dosage that can be given without any side effects
48 of 64
Then who is the drug given to?
a human with the illness
49 of 64
What dosage do they begin with?
a low dosage
50 of 64
What do they then slowly do?
increase the dosage
51 of 64
What are they trying to find here?
the optimum dosage
52 of 64
What is the optimum dosage?
efficacy-max

toxicity-min
53 of 64
To ensure the process is what?
fair and valid
54 of 64
clinical trials are done in two ways?
blind trials

double blind trials
55 of 64
What is used in a blind trial?
a placebo
56 of 64
What is a placebo?
similar to the real drug but doesnt do anything
57 of 64
In a blind trial the patient doesnt what?
doesnt know which drug they are taking
58 of 64
In a double blind trial, what is used?
a placebo
59 of 64
Who is aware of which drugs are real or not?
nobody

neither the doctors or patients
60 of 64
What are the results also?
peer reviewed
61 of 64
This means they are analysed by who?
other scientists
62 of 64
This all avoids what?
bias
63 of 64
and what?
false claims
64 of 64

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Some drugs relieve?....

Back

symptoms

Card 3

Front

But others?....

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are Antibiotics?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is a super bug?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Medicine and drugs resources »