Describe 2 features of....
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- Created by: Jackie Houston
- Created on: 16-10-21 06:58
What were two features of economic rivalry between the Great Powers in the years before 1914?
Rivalry between Britain & Germany = industry and shipping.
Rivalry between France & Germany = Alsace-Lorraine - loss of coal - Morocco.
Rivalry between Russia & Germany = the Balkans
1888 - Russian railway - threat to Germany & Austria-Hungary's commerc
Rivalry between France & Germany = Alsace-Lorraine - loss of coal - Morocco.
Rivalry between Russia & Germany = the Balkans
1888 - Russian railway - threat to Germany & Austria-Hungary's commerc
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What was the economic rivalry between Britain & Germany?
The rivalry between Britain and Germany
Britain had been the first industrialised nation.
Together with its large empire & domination of the seas had made it the wealthiest country in Europe by the mid 19th century.
After German unification (1871) German
Britain had been the first industrialised nation.
Together with its large empire & domination of the seas had made it the wealthiest country in Europe by the mid 19th century.
After German unification (1871) German
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What was the economic rivalry between France & Germany?
Bitter rivalry after the Franco-Prussian war (1870).
Loss of Alsace-Lorrain to Germany had huge economic blow to France.
France lost export revenue of coal from the area as well as having to cost of importing coal.
France looked to Morocco as a possibl
Loss of Alsace-Lorrain to Germany had huge economic blow to France.
France lost export revenue of coal from the area as well as having to cost of importing coal.
France looked to Morocco as a possibl
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Features of the Schlieffen Plan
The aims and plan.
The weaknesses of the plan - the assumptions it made.
Failure of the Schlieffen Plan.
Failure and the creation of a stalemate.
The weaknesses of the plan - the assumptions it made.
Failure of the Schlieffen Plan.
Failure and the creation of a stalemate.
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What were the aims of the Schlieffen Plan?
The German plans for war developed in 1905 by Alfred von Schlieffen.
Schlieffen aimed to avoid fighting on two fronts at the same time.
The plan = march through Belgium & invade France. take Paris quickly and then go back through Germany to the Eastern
Schlieffen aimed to avoid fighting on two fronts at the same time.
The plan = march through Belgium & invade France. take Paris quickly and then go back through Germany to the Eastern
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What were the weaknesses in the Schlieffen Plan?
It was put together in 1905 and the Germans did not adapt it in 1914.
It made too many assumptions -
1 - Belgium would not put up resistance.
2 - France would be easy to defeat.
3 - Russia would be slow to mobilise ( assumed 6 weeks as Schlieffen beli
It made too many assumptions -
1 - Belgium would not put up resistance.
2 - France would be easy to defeat.
3 - Russia would be slow to mobilise ( assumed 6 weeks as Schlieffen beli
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Why did the Schlieffen Plan fail?
Belgium slowed Germany's advanced down long enough to allow the BEF time to get to the border and stop the German advance for 48 hours at Mons.
Russia mobilised its forces in 10 days not 6 weeks. This made the Germans split their army as they had to send
Russia mobilised its forces in 10 days not 6 weeks. This made the Germans split their army as they had to send
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How did failure of the Schlieffen Plan help lead to stalemate?
Germany were not strong enough to take Paris as they had to fight on two fronts.
France failed to take Alsace-Lorraine.
As the two armies retreated, they met at the battle of Marne.
the BEF were able to support the French and Germany were forced back t
France failed to take Alsace-Lorraine.
As the two armies retreated, they met at the battle of Marne.
the BEF were able to support the French and Germany were forced back t
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What were two features of the Balkan wars, 1912-13?
The causes of the two Balkan wars.
The outcome of the Wars.
The outcome of the Wars.
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Causes & events of the First Balkan War.
First Balkan war = Turkey defending its control of the area against the Balkan League (Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro & Serbia)
Turkey surrendered after 50 days.
Peace conference - London - all Turkey's land in Europe divided between the Balkan League cou
Turkey surrendered after 50 days.
Peace conference - London - all Turkey's land in Europe divided between the Balkan League cou
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Causes & events of Second Balkan War.
King of Bulgaria not satisfied with the division of Turkish empire.
1 month after conference - ordered troops to attack Serbia & Greece.
Together with Romania and Turkish troops, Serbia & Greece invaded Bulgaria.
Bulgaria signed an armistice and lost l
1 month after conference - ordered troops to attack Serbia & Greece.
Together with Romania and Turkish troops, Serbia & Greece invaded Bulgaria.
Bulgaria signed an armistice and lost l
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What were the results of the Balkan Wars?
Serbia doubled in size.
Serbs more determined to unite Bosnia-Herzegovina with Serbia.
Austria-Hungary more determined to crush any possibility of a revolt in its empire by controlling Serbia.
Bulgaria wanted revenge on Serbia.
Serbs more determined to unite Bosnia-Herzegovina with Serbia.
Austria-Hungary more determined to crush any possibility of a revolt in its empire by controlling Serbia.
Bulgaria wanted revenge on Serbia.
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What were two features of Balkan Nationalism?
The growth of Slavic identity in the Balkan region.
The growing strength of Serbia.
The Black Hand
The growing strength of Serbia.
The Black Hand
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Growth of Slav identity.
Panslavism based on the conviction that all speakers of Slavic languages belong to a single nation.
Slav identity increased after Bulgaria gained independence.
Serbs living in Austria-Hungary looked to Serbia for help to gain independence.
Panslavism h
Slav identity increased after Bulgaria gained independence.
Serbs living in Austria-Hungary looked to Serbia for help to gain independence.
Panslavism h
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Growing strength of Serbia.
Consequence of Second Balkan War = Serbia grew in strength, size & influence.
Serbia wanted to create a Greater Serbia.
Serbs in Bosnia determined to unite Bosnia with Serbia.
Direct threat to Austria-Hungary.
Serbia wanted to create a Greater Serbia.
Serbs in Bosnia determined to unite Bosnia with Serbia.
Direct threat to Austria-Hungary.
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The Black Hand
Secret society set up by 10 Serbian army officers - Unity or Death.
Aim - unite all Serbs in Europe.
Tactic - terrorism.
Black Hand was the groups symbol.
2,500 member ready to die for the cause - made up mainly of officers.
Leader - Dragutin Dimitrie
Aim - unite all Serbs in Europe.
Tactic - terrorism.
Black Hand was the groups symbol.
2,500 member ready to die for the cause - made up mainly of officers.
Leader - Dragutin Dimitrie
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What were two features of the deadlock on the Western Front?
The causes of the deadlock
The Trench System
Life in the trenches
The Trench System
Life in the trenches
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The causes of the deadlock
Failure of the Schlieffen Plan = Germany fighting on two fronts = not string enough to make a decisive victory against the allies on Western Front.
Strength of the German trenches = allies not able to break through.
Weapons = better for defence (German
Strength of the German trenches = allies not able to break through.
Weapons = better for defence (German
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Trench System
Germans took high ground and dug-in - built strong, deep trenches, very strong defenses = defensive.
Allies - needed to try to advance = trenches designed to be temporary in 1914 - aim offensive - move forward to take German trenches.
Front line trenche
Allies - needed to try to advance = trenches designed to be temporary in 1914 - aim offensive - move forward to take German trenches.
Front line trenche
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Life in the trenches
Dirt & disease.
Work & boredom.
Communication with home censored.
Casualties.
Mental illness caused by fear, bombardments, gas attacks & death.
Fleas, rats & lice.
Work & boredom.
Communication with home censored.
Casualties.
Mental illness caused by fear, bombardments, gas attacks & death.
Fleas, rats & lice.
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What were two features of gas attacks?
The psychological impact of gas attacks.
The physical impact.
Problems with gas masks.
The physical impact.
Problems with gas masks.
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The psychological impact of gas attacks
The fear of gas attacks did more damage to the morale of soldiers than the actual attacks.
Soldiers lived n constant fear of a gas attack.
There was also the fear that you could be gassed by your own side if the wind changed direction.
Soldiers feared n
Soldiers lived n constant fear of a gas attack.
There was also the fear that you could be gassed by your own side if the wind changed direction.
Soldiers feared n
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The physical effects of gas attacks.
Chlorine gas = smells of bleach - irritates the eyes, nose, lungs, and throat - high enough doses it kills by asphyxiation
Mustard = irritates eyes - can lead to temporary blindness - skin blisters - can become infected - lead to death as no anti-biotics
Mustard = irritates eyes - can lead to temporary blindness - skin blisters - can become infected - lead to death as no anti-biotics
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Problems with gas masks
Difficult to get on in - especially when in panic.
Often the smell of rubber & bleach would cause soldiers to be sick inside the masks.
Reduced visibility greatly - therefore, a hindrance when crossing no man's land.
Often the smell of rubber & bleach would cause soldiers to be sick inside the masks.
Reduced visibility greatly - therefore, a hindrance when crossing no man's land.
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Describe two features of the U-boat threat
German Aims
Unrestricted sub-marine warfare.
Outcomes.
British anti-U-boat measures
Unrestricted sub-marine warfare.
Outcomes.
British anti-U-boat measures
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German Aims
To avoid direct confrontation with the British Grand Fleet.
Tirpitz suggested unrestricted sub-marine warfare as a way of weakening the British war effort.
Try to starve the British into submission.
Tirpitz suggested unrestricted sub-marine warfare as a way of weakening the British war effort.
Try to starve the British into submission.
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Unrestricted Sub-marine warfare
4th Feb 1915 - Germans announce all merchant shipping entering or leaving British waters would be destroyed.
Problem with plan was it could potentially drag neutral countries into the war as revenge for Germany attacking their ships. particularly the USA
Problem with plan was it could potentially drag neutral countries into the war as revenge for Germany attacking their ships. particularly the USA
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Outcomes
I
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Describe 2 features of American Troop action on the Western Front
They reinforced the Allies
They reinforced the French transport system
Their fighting played a big part in the defeat Germany
Military resources.
They reinforced the French transport system
Their fighting played a big part in the defeat Germany
Military resources.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What was the economic rivalry between Britain & Germany?
Back
The rivalry between Britain and Germany
Britain had been the first industrialised nation.
Together with its large empire & domination of the seas had made it the wealthiest country in Europe by the mid 19th century.
After German unification (1871) German
Britain had been the first industrialised nation.
Together with its large empire & domination of the seas had made it the wealthiest country in Europe by the mid 19th century.
After German unification (1871) German
Card 3
Front
What was the economic rivalry between France & Germany?
Back
Card 4
Front
Features of the Schlieffen Plan
Back
Card 5
Front
What were the aims of the Schlieffen Plan?
Back
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