Inhibit activity of enzymes, preventing breakdown of serotonin and noradrenaline. This makes chemicals like dopamine more avaliable in the brain which boosts mood
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Tricyclic's
Effects chemical messengers in the brain and blocks reuptake of serotonin. This makes chemicals more available and helps the brain recieve and send messages
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SSRI's
changes the balance of serotonin in the brian making chemicals more available
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ECT
Sends electrical currents through the brain which changes the pattern of blood flow
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Effectivness of Drugs; Arrol
tested MAOI's, TCA's and SSRI's and found 50-60% of patiens 'clinically significant improvement'
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Effectiveness of Drugs; Barlow
tested TCA's and found 65% CSI (clincal significant improvement)
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Effectiveness of Drugs; Hollan
Studied participants for 12 months, found cognitive group 31% relapsed compared to drug group relapsing 47%
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Appropriateness
Cheap, easy quick, over prescribed, only treats symptoms not cause, side effects, dependency issues, increasing dosages needed to feel original effects
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CBT
encourages people to consider the beliefs and expectations at the root of their unhappines. Replaces their irrational, negative thoughts with more positive, adaptive ones
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4 Stages of CBT (stages 1 and 2)
1. clients encouraged to draw up schedules of activites to becomes more active and confident. 2. encouraged to recognise automatic, negative thoughts and record them, therapist helps test reality of the thoughts.
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4 Stages of CBT (stages 3 and 4)
3 therapist helps client recognise underlying illogical thinking processes that produce negative thinking. 4. encouraged the change maladaptive attitdes by testing them out in real life situations
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Effectiveness of CBT; Butler
meta-anaylsis of 16 CBT cases= concluded it was very effective
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Effectiveness of CBT; Holmes
Limitations of evdience to support CBT= trails are only of highly selected patients with only depression and no additional symptoms. Far less eveidence for more complex cases
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Appropriateness
Cost benefit anaylsis, difficult to be motivated, expensive, may become dependent on therapy, time consuming, not approrpiate for server cases of depression
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Psychoanalysis; Free Association
Allows free flow of feelings and thoughts. Client can express themselves with no censorship (which will reflect dynamic conflict)
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Dream Analysis
client is asked to recount their dreams and therapist helps anaylse and interpret hidden meanings
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Transference
Client redirects feelings to the therapist, unconciously directed towards a significant person in their life
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Aims of Psychoanalysis
Not to 'cure' patients or reomve symptoms, but enable the person to cope better with inner emptional conflicts causing depression
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Purpose of Psychoanalysis
Uncover unconcious conflicts and anxities and gain an insight into the casues. Clinet is encouraged to work through them in the safety of the consultant room 'catharisis'
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Effectivness of Psychoanalysis; Eysenck
66% of control group improved spontaneously. 44% of Psychoanalysis patients improved. (concluded therapy did not work)
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Effectivness of Psychoanalysis; Bergin
patients in control group were hospitalised, and other group recieved psychoanalysis through GP treatment. control group improved 30%, psycho group improved 83%
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Effectiveness
some psychologist say it does not work. Difficult to evaluate (methodological isses)
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Appropriateness
May not be appropriate for server cases. May not be hepful (disagreements between therapist and client over dream interpretation), clinet could become dependent
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Effects chemical messengers in the brain and blocks reuptake of serotonin. This makes chemicals more available and helps the brain recieve and send messages
Back
Tricyclic's
Card 3
Front
changes the balance of serotonin in the brian making chemicals more available
Back
Card 4
Front
Sends electrical currents through the brain which changes the pattern of blood flow
Back
Card 5
Front
tested MAOI's, TCA's and SSRI's and found 50-60% of patiens 'clinically significant improvement'
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