Depression Flashcards 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyDepression and Bipolar DisordersUniversityOther Created by: Amy SinclairCreated on: 12-05-14 20:57 How long must symptoms be present for MDD diagnosis? Most of the day almost every day, for at least 2 weeks. 1 of 20 Things affected by MDD? Sleep, Appetite, Sad Mood, Low Energy, Suicidal Thoughts. 2 of 20 How long must symptoms be present for dysthemia diagnosis? More than half the time, for at least 2 years. 3 of 20 Major difference between MDD and dysthemia? MDD is episodic, dysthemia is chronic. 4 of 20 Defining feature of bipolar disorders? Presence of manic episodes in addition to depressive episodes 5 of 20 What is mania? State of intense elation / irritability. 6 of 20 What is cyclothemia? Chronic form of bipolar, symptoms present for 2 years, milder than bipolar. 7 of 20 Prevalence of MDD, dysthemia, bipolar and cyclothemia? MDD = 16.2% ; dysthemia = 2.5% ; Bipolar = 1-2% ; cyclothemia = 4% 8 of 20 Medical / Biological Causes of Depression? Genetics, Neurochemicals (NA, 5HT, Dopamine, Cortisol), Brain Functioning (Neurogenesis, Amygdala, PFC) 9 of 20 Social Causes? Stressful life events as triggers, e.g. loss and humiliation. 10 of 20 Psychodynamic causes? Unconscious conflicts / loss / fixation at oral period / anger turned inward. 11 of 20 Cognitive causes? Beck (1967) negative triad, negative schemata, cognitive biases. 12 of 20 Behavioural Causes? Lack of positive reinforcement, reinforcement by attention / smpathy, learned helplessness. 13 of 20 Widely accepted view of causes? Integration of causes (e.g. predisposed with bio factors but triggered/maintained by social, cognitive etc. 14 of 20 Drug treatments? MAOIs, Tricyclics, SSRIs, NRIs, SNRIs 15 of 20 Other biological treatments? Electro convulsive therapy (ECT), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), Psychosurgery (Lobotomy) 16 of 20 3 Steps of Behavioural Activation Therapy? 1) Pleasant events schedule, 2) reward non-depressive behaviours, 3) train in social skills. 17 of 20 Psychoanalytic therapy? 1) Free Association, 2) Dream Analysis 18 of 20 Name the 4 humanistic therapies? 1) Client-centred therapy, 2) Encounter Groups, 3) Gestalt Therapy, 4) Transactional Analysis 19 of 20 Cognitive Therapies? 1) Rational-Emotive Therapy (Ellis) 2) CBT (Beck), 3) Mindfulness Based Therapy 20 of 20
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