Faulty information processing, Negative self-scheme, Negative Triad
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What is faulty information processing?
Faulty information processing is when a person thinks in 'black and white' terms, they focus on negatives and ignore the positives. They will blow small problems out of proportion.
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What is a schema?
A package of information and ideas developed through experience
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What is the negative self-schema?
The person will interpret all information about themselves in a negative way
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What is the negative triad?
Having a negative view of the world (no hope anywhere), future (reduces hopefulness), and self (low self esteem). This type of thinking is automatic and occurs regardless of reality.
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What are the AO3 points for Beck?
Good supporting evidence, Practical application in CBT, Doesn't explain all aspects of depression
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What is the good supporting evidence? (part 1)
Grazioli and Terry: the cognitive vulnerabilities of 65 pregnant women were tested, they found that women with a high cognitive vulnerability were more likely to develop post-natal depression.
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What is the good supporting evidence? (part 2)
Clark and Beck: they analysed research into depression and found that the cognitive factors Beck linked with depression could be seen before depression developed. This supports that depression is linked with faulty information processing
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Explain the practical application in CBT
The cognitive aspects identified by Beck can be challenged in CBT. It can be used to successfully treat patients with depression
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What aspects does Beck's theory not explain?
Beck's theory can only explain the basic symptoms of depression, some patients are angry, hallucinate, have bizarre beliefs and even have Cotard syndrome.
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What did Ellis propose depression was caused by?
Irrational thinking
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How did Ellis define irrational thoughts?
Thoughts which interfere with us being happy and free of pain
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What does ABC stand for?
A: Activating event B: Beliefs C: Consequences
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What is the activating event?
Any event which can trigger irrational thoughts
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Give 3 examples of Ellis' irrational beliefs
Musturbation: the belief that we must always succeed and achieve perfection, I-can't-stand-it-itis: the belief that anything that goes wrong is a major disaster Utopianism: the belief that life is always supposed to be fair
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What are the consequences?
Emotional and behavioural responses to the activating event
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What are the AO3 points for Ellis?
Partial explanation, Practical applications in CBT, Doesn't explain all aspects of depression
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Why is it only a partial explanation?
Ellis' model can only be used to explain reactive depression but not depression which does not have an obvious cause/ activating event. It only applies to some kinds of depression
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What are the practical applications?
It can be used in CBT to challenge the irrational negative beliefs of a patient. Research has supported that depression can be reduced by challenging the irrational beliefs.
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What doesn't Ellis' theory explain?
Similar to Beck, Ellis' theory can only explain why some people are more vulnerable to depression and cannot explain why some people with depression are angry, hallucinate or have delusions.
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How can the cognitive explanations be linked to the cognitive primary?
The cognitive primary is the idea that emotions are influenced by cognition, the cognitive explanations claim that cognitions cause depression
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How can depression be linked to attachment?
Attachment studies showed that insecurely attached children are more vulnerable to depression in adulthood.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the three AO1 points for Beck?
Back
Faulty information processing, Negative self-scheme, Negative Triad
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