What is the main emotional characteristic of depression?
sadness, loss of interest and pleasure in activities, despair, low self-esteem and inward/ outward anger
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what is the cognitive approach to explaining depression?
Cause for abnormal behaviour is faulty mental processes (i.e. cognitive), such as thought perceptions
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what is Beck's negative triad?
(1967) negative thoughts due to Faulty information processing about self, world and future->Focusing on the negative aspects of a situation
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what is Ellis’ ABC model? (A)
A = activating event -> "i failed the exam"
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what is Ellis’ ABC model? (B)
B = belief --> rational (i didn't revise enough) or irrational (i must be stupid)
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(B) cont.
musturbation = beliefs in musts, e.g. “I must be perfect or I’m worthless”, I-can't-stand-itis= belief that difficulty or discomfort is unbearable, utopianism= the belief that life is always meant to be fair
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what is Ellis’ ABC model? (C)
C = consequences -> irrational beliefs lead to unhealthy emotions/ behaviour (therefore I won’t revise anymore, I give up = depression)
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evaluation of cognitive approach (+)
The cognitive approach is important because of its emphasis on the person. It suggests the person is responsible for their disorder and can change their thinking = empowering!
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evaluation of cognitive approach (-)
One weakness of Cognitive explanations of depression is that they are often criticised for being correlational and therefore, do not actually show a cause and effect relationship between negative thinking and depression.
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what is the cognitive approach to treating depression?
cognitive behavioural therapy -> changes maladaptive thoughts and beliefs E.g. negative into positive; irrational to rational ones
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What did Albert Ellis do to treat depression?
REBT (Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy) to turn the irrational thoughts into rational ones -> [ABC]DE (treatment)
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what is Ellis’ steps to treat depression (1)
D = Disputing irrational thoughts -> the patient is encouraged to vigorously dispute self-defeating beliefs.
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what is Ellis’ steps to treat depression (2)
E = Effects (of changing your interpretation of events) => The client then moves on to more rational interpretations of events.
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what is Ellis’ steps to treat depression (3)
Patients asked to complete homework outside therapy sessions to test irrational beliefs against reality -> put new rational beliefs into practice.
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what is Ellis’ steps to treat depression (4)
CBT involves encouraging patients to become more active and engaged in pleasurable activities: being active leads to rewards that act as an antidote to depression.
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evaluation of CBT (+)
it is effective -> March et al. (2007) compared the effects of CBT with antidepressant drugs and a combination of the two in depressed adolescents.
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evaluation of CBT (-)
A weakness of cognitive-behavioural therapy is that individual differences influence the effectiveness. Elkin et al. found it is less suitable where peoples’ irrational beliefs are rigid and resistant to change.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the main emotional characteristic of depression?
Back
sadness, loss of interest and pleasure in activities, despair, low self-esteem and inward/ outward anger
Card 3
Front
what is the cognitive approach to explaining depression?
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