Demography

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Immigration
Movement into an area or society
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Emigration
Movement out of an area or society
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Net migration
Difference between the number of immigrants entering a country and the number of emigrants leaving it
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Push factors
Things that encourage someone to leave a place
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Pull factors
Things that encourage someone to go to a place
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Internal migration
Movement within a country, e.g. UK
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Globalisation
Idea that barriers between societies are disappearing and people are becoming increasingly interconnected across national boundaries.
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Super-diversity
Globalisation has led to migrants coming from a much wider range of countries. They can be divided again by their legal status, ethnic group, culture or religion.
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Citizen
Have full citizenship rights, e.g. voting, access to benefits. Since the 1970s the UK has made it harder to acquire these rights.
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Denizens
Privileged foreign nationals welcomes by the state, e.g. billionaire 'oligarchs' or highly paid employees of multinational companies.
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Helots
An exploited group of migrants used as 'disposable units of labour' - a reserve army of labour. Take unskilled, poorly paid work both illegally and legally.
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Hybrid Identities
Migrants and their descendants may have identities made up of more than one source; country or origin religion, nationality.
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Transnational identities
Globalisation sees some people move back and forth between countries rather than permanently settling. Develop transnational identities - identify with more than one country.
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Politicisation of migration
With increased flows of migrants - now an important political issue. More recently immigration policies linked to national security and anti-terrorism policies
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Assimilation
Early approach to immigration - encouraged immigrants to adopt language, values and customs of host country - to be 'like us'
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Multiculturalism
Accepts that migrants may wish to retain a separate cultural identity. Diversity is often celebrated, e.g. the opening ceremony of the 2012 London Olympics
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Shallow and deep diverity
Multiculturalism involves shallow diversity e.g. education policies 'samosas, saries and steel bands'. Superficial acceptance of cultural differences without addressing deeper problems e.g. racism. Deep diversity is unaccepted, e.g. arranged marriage
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Demography
Study of populations and their characteristics, size and age structure
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Birth rate
Number of live briths per thousand of the population per year
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Baby boom
Where birth rates rise. After both world wars and 1960s
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Total fertility rate
Average number of children women will have during fertile years (15-44)
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Infant Mortality Rate
Number of infants who die before their first birthday, per thousand live births, per year
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Child centredness
People have fewer children and give them more attention
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Vanishing children
Fewer children with fewer siblings and more childless adults means children lose power,
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Dependency ratio
Relationship between size of working population and non-working population
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Death rate
Number of deaths per thousand of population per year.
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Natural change
Difference between number of births and number of deaths in a population
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Life expectancy
How long on average people are likely to live
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Ageing population
Where the average age of a population is rising.
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Ageism
Negative stereotyping and unequal treatment of people on the basis of their age
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Structured dependency
Systems that mean you;re reliant on others.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Movement out of an area or society

Back

Emigration

Card 3

Front

Difference between the number of immigrants entering a country and the number of emigrants leaving it

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Things that encourage someone to leave a place

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Things that encourage someone to go to a place

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

Christian Frater

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thanks dude

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