Dement and Kleitman 1957

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Describe the first hypothesis (dream recall)
Does dream recall differ in REM periods and N-REM of sleep?
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Describe the second hypothesis (positive correlation)
Is there a positive correlation between REM period and dream duration?
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Describe the 3rd hypothesis ( pattern)
Is there a relation between eye movement pattern during REM sleep and dream content?
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What is an EEG
An EEG is a machine used to record and observe the activity in muscle and brain cells when many are active at the same time. Micro electrodes are attached near the muscle and it shows how brain waves vary.sleep stage
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Describe the features of N-REM 1
An N-REM 1 is the lightest stage of sleep between sleep and wakefullness, Alpha waves are produced, low voltage, strange sensations, awareness of the so surrounding
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N-REM 2 (features)
A slightly deeper stage of sleep. Brain waves in the form of sleep spindles (rhythmic bursts of brain activity) K-Complexes (environmental stimuli) Help you stay a sleep
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N-REM 3 and 4
A decrease in heart and brain activity rate, a large amplitude oft he brain waves. Delta waves are seen. Sleep walking and talking
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REM
Muscle Paralyses, rapid eye movements, active brain- paradoxical sleep.
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Describe the IV and DV for the first hypothesis (dream recall )
IV: Type of sleep (REM OR N-REM) DV: Dream recall
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Describe the IV and DV for second hypothsis (duration of dream)
IV: The time elapsed since REM period ( 5 or 15 mins) DV: dream duration.
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IV DV for the third hypothesis (dream content)
IV: Type of eye movement. DV: dream content self report
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Describe the sample of the research
Seven males 2 females , five of whom were studied in detail.
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Describe the procedure for the first hypothesis how was DN woken up
Participants were either woken up during REM or N-REM periods and were asked to recall dream content. 3 REMS and 3 N REMS (DN) didnt figure pattern
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How was WD and others woken up
WD was misled into thinking that he would be woken up when dreaming but was then woken up randomly. Others were woken up in no specific order
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How was the second hypothesis tested?
Participants were woken up into either 5 or 15 minutes of REM periods and asked to guess dream duration
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How many REM awakenings were recalled and not recalled
152 recalls, 39 no recalls
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How many N-REM were not recalled and how many were recalled
149 were not recalled and 11 were recalled.
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To reduce demand characters
Participants did not know which period they were woken up in or if their eyes were moving/
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How was practice not a beneficial factor?
Dream recall did not differ in later nights even for one subject
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How can we tell that dream recall dropped as REMS ended?
In 17 awakenings as REM ended within eight minutes, 5 dreams were recalled and 132 awakenings beyond 8 minutes, 6 dreams were recalled.
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How were dreams described in N-REM
In REM periods, participants described content such as anxiety fear as ''as if'' feelings rather than coherent dream accounts
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Did time had an effect on dream recall (39 dreams distribution)
Out of 39 dreams that were not recalled in REM periods, 19 occured in the first 2 hours, 11,5,4. As time in the REM increased, Dream recall increased.
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Which dream pattern produced least dreams?
Sleep spindles
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Why did DN estimate 15 minutes to be 5 minutes?
The dream must have been long but he could only remember the last bit of it or a small part.
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On how many awakenings was the eye movement and content judged?
on 35 awakenings.
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How many purely vertical movements were there
3- hoist (up and down a cliff) basketball, ladder
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How many purely horizontal movements were there
1- throwing tomato
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How many little or no movements were observed?
10 little or no movements were observed where participants looked at distant objects or stared fixedly at an object while driving and looking left as a car or person passed.
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How many mixture of movements were there?
21 mixtures, near objects, fighting, talking to a group of people looking for something
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What is the practical application of the study?
To observe the effect of drugs, depression and phobias on sleep.
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How long for an Avg was an REM period
92 minutes
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What was the correlation between dream duration and duration of REM period?
0.4 to 0.17 based on a total of 126 dreams.
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What was the average sleep time
From 4h 20 minutes to 7h 50 min at an avg of 6h 3 mins.
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Describe the findings of Aserinsky and Kleitman
Aserinsky and Kleitman observed periods of REM and dreaming to find that when normal and schizophrenic patients are woken up in REM sleep, they are able to recall coherent dreams as compared to N-REM periods
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Describe the second hypothesis (positive correlation)

Back

Is there a positive correlation between REM period and dream duration?

Card 3

Front

Describe the 3rd hypothesis ( pattern)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is an EEG

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Describe the features of N-REM 1

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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