Definitions topic 1-3

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  • Created by: Anna
  • Created on: 04-05-13 13:00
Acid
A substances that turns universal indicator red and has a pH lower than 7. It can neutralise base.
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Acid rain
Rain water with a pH below 5.2. Acidic rain forms when sulphur dioxide dissolve in rainwater.
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Alkali
A soluble base
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Antacid
A chemical used to neutralise excess acid in the stomach
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Atmosphere
A mixture of gasses that surround the Earth.
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Atom
The smallest particle of an element.
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Base
Substance that turns universal indicator blue and has pH greater that 7. It can neutralise acid.
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Carbon monixide
A toxic gas (CO) that replaces the oxygen in the blood, and so reduces the amount of the oxygen carried by the blood. Produces by incomplete combustion of fossil furls
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Cement
A substance made by heating limestone and clay together
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Chalk
Sedimentary rock, mostly calcium carbonate, made from the remains of marine microorganisms.
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Chemical reaction
A chemical change in which new substances are formed but there is no change in the number of atoms of each element.
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Climate change
Changes to the Earth's climate or changes in weather patterns on a global scale.
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Combustion
Chemical reaction that occurs when substances burn, combining with oxygen to produce and compounds such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and water.
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Compound
A substance that contains two or more different elements.
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Complete combustion
When a furl burns with a good supply of oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.
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Concrete
A substances made by making cement with water, sand and crushed rock.
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Condensation
Turning form gas into liquid
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Corrosion
Chemical reaction of metals that convert them into compounds, such as rusting of iron.
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Crystal
A solid in which the particles are arranged in an ordered patern.
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Decomposition
A reaction in which a substance breaks down into two or more new substances.
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Ductile
Can be stretched into wires.
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Electolysis
The breakdown of a compound into simpler substances using electricity.
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Element
A substances made of only one type of atom. An element cannot be turned into another element or anything simpler using a chemical reaction.
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Erosion
Process by which rocks are worn away by water or the weather and then the pieces are transported away.
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Flammable
Substances that is able to burn
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Formula (chemical)
Combination of letters and numbers that show us what is an a molecule of an element or a compound.
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Global warming
Increasing temperature on the Earth, though to be due to increasing greenhouse gases.
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Greenhouse effect
The trapping of heat by the Earth's atmosphere that keeps the surface of the Earth warm enough for life.
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Greenhouse gases
Gases such as carbon dioxide and methan, which absorb heat and help keep some heat in the atmosphere.
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Hazardous substance
A substance that can be dangerous or harmful if not used or stored propertly
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Hazard symbols
Symbols used in containers of warn us about the danger of a particular substance stored in them.
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Hydricarbon
An organic compound containing just hydrogen and carbon.
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Igneous rock
Rock formed when magma (for lava) cools and solidifies.
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Ignite
To start burning
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Incinerate
To burn something, normally to dispose of it.
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Incomplete combustion
Combustion that occurs without enough oxygen to completely oxidise the fuel. Incomplete combustion of the hydrocarbons produces carbon monoxide and carbon (soot)
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Indicator
A substances that changes colour according to the pH it finds itself in.
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Insoluble
Substances that does not dissolve in water.
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lava
Molten rock on the Earth's surface (usually as product of volcano or eruption)
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Limestone
A rock used to make many different chemical.
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Limewater
A solution of calcium hydroxide that turn milky white when carbon dioxide is bubbled through it.
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Magma
Molten rock underneath the Earth's crust.
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Marble
Metamorphic rock, mostly calcium carbonate, formed from limestone and chalk.
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Metamorphic rock
Rock formed as a result of high temperatures and pressures applied on other rocks.
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Molten
Melted to form a liquid
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Neutralisation
The reaction between an acid and an alkali (or other base) to form a salt water in a neutral solution.
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Noble gases
Gases which are very unreactive, such as neon and argon. There is small amount of some of them naturally occurring in the atmosphere.
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pH
Scale to measure how acid or base a substance is. If pH is below the 7 - acidic; if pH is above 7 - basic.
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Periodic table
Chart containing all the elements
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Photosynthesis
Set of chemical reactions in plants that allow them to produce their food using water and carbon dioxide, and releasing oxygen as a waste product. It is powered by Sunlight.
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Precipitate
The insoluble solid formed in precipitation reaction.
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Precipitation reaction.
Reaction in which two substances is solution react to form an insoluble solid as a produce.
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Products
The chemical that are formed in a chemical reaction.
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Quarry
Shallow mine on the Earth's surface from where rocks are removed.
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Reactants
Chemical used up in a chemical reaction.
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Reactive
Likely to react with other substances.
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Salt
One of the substances produced in a neutralisation reaction between an acid and a base, for instance sodium nitrate. The first part of the name comes from the metal on the metal, oxide, hydroxide or carbonate. The second part comes from the acid.
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Sediment
Solid material that settles at the bottom of a liquid.
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Solution
The mixture formed when a substance dissolves a water.
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Sedimentary rock.
Rock made by compression of layers of solid material settled at the bottom of seas or lakes.
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Symbol
Shorthand notation for an element. Normally one capital letter or one capital fallowed by a small case letter.
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Thermal decomposition
A reaction in which a substance is broken down using heat energy.
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Toxic
A poisonous substance. Toxic substances may cause death if they are swallowed, breathed in or come into contact with the skin
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Trace
A very small amount of something.
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Weathering
Breaking down of rocks, minerals or manmade structures through contact with the Earth's atmosphere and water, typically limestone or marble building and statues by acid rain.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Acid rain

Back

Rain water with a pH below 5.2. Acidic rain forms when sulphur dioxide dissolve in rainwater.

Card 3

Front

Alkali

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Antacid

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Atmosphere

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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