A country surrounded by land with no direct access to the sea.
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Plateau
An elevated, level expanse of land.
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Fertile
Being able to produce vegetation. Soil is rich in minerals.
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TNCs
Transnational Corporations. Companies with operations in multiple countries.
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Cash crops
A crop grown for sale to make profit.
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Exports
Goods sent abroad for trade or sale.
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HDI
Human Development Index. A measure of development which takes into account GNI per capita, life expectancy and literacy rates.
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Rate of natural increase
Birth rate minus death rate. Rate at which the population is growing.
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GDP per capita
Gross Domestic Product per person. Economic output per person in a country.
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Imports
Goods or materials brought in from a foreign country for trade or sale.
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HIV positive
Refers to people who have the Human Immunodeficiency virus, the agent of AIDS.
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HIV-AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. A disease of the immune system caused by infection with HIV.
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Isolated
Far away from other places, buildings or people; remote.
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Subsistence farmers
People who grow crops to feed themselves, their family, and their livestock.
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Smallholdings
Area of land used for farming but much smaller than a typical farm.
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Investment
Giving money in order to make profit or material goods. Can bring about the development of a place.
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Households
The basic residential unit in which a family lives. Where economic production, consumption, ineritance, child rearing and shelter are organised and carried out.
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Extended family
A family that extends beyond the nuclear family, including grandparents, aunts and uncles, who all live nearby or in one household.
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Cycle of Poverty
A continuous process that transmits poverty from one generation to another and which makes escape from deprivation very difficult.
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Low productivity
Low outputs despite high inputs.
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Inputs
Something put into a system to achieve an output or result.
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Artificial fertiliser
Minerals produced through chemical processes to nurture the soil and improve crop yield.
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Pesticide
A substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to crops.
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Surplus
An amount of something left over when requirements have been met.
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Literacy rate
The proportion of the population over the age of 15 who can read and write.
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Gender inequalities
When a person is discriminated against or treated differently according to their gender.
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Manual labour
Physical work done by people without the use of machinery or animals.
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Domestic work
Work done in the house such as cooking or cleaning.
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Dowry
Money or property brought by the groom to his bride at marriage.
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Maternal mortality rate
The number of women who died during pregnancy or child birth.
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Malnourished
Poor nutrition due to an insufficient or poorly balanced diet.
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Pit latrines
A simple toilet system consisting of a pit dug in the ground to collect human excrement and is usually covered by a lid.
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Deforestation
The cutting and clearing of trees from a forested area.
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Biodiversity
The number and variety of living organisms (plants or animals) in an area.
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Millenium Development Goals
Eight targets set by the UN for developing countries to achieve by the end of 2015.
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Environmentally sustainable
When human development takes place with minimal long term effect on the environment.
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Sustainable
Meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
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Solar-power
Power obtained by harnessing the energy of the sun's rays
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Hydro-electricity
Electricity generated through the gravitational force of falling water.
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