psychopathology key words

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Statistical infrequency
Occurs when an individual has a less common characteristic such as being more depressed or less intellegent than most of the population
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Deviation from social norms
Concerns behaviour that is different from the accepted standards of behaviour in community or society
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Intellectual disability disorder
Average IQ is set 100.68% have an IQ in the range from 85 to 115. Only 2% of people have a score below 70. Those who score below 70 they are seen to be abnormal and are liable to receive a diagnosis of psychological disorder
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Norms are specific to the culture we live in
Few behaviours that would be considered universally abnormal on the basis that they breach the social norms. Such as homosexuality continued to be abnormal and was considered as abnormal in our society in the past.
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Failure to function adequately
Occurs when someone is unable to cope with ordinary demands of day to day living
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Deviation from ideal mental health
Occurs when someone does not meet a set of criteria for good mental health
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Marie Jahoda suggested that we are in good health if we meet the criteria
No symptoms or distress. We are rational and can perceive ourselves accurately. We self-actualise ( reach our potential) .can cope and stress. have a realistic view of the world.good self esteem and lack guilt. We are independent.successfully work,
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Rosenhan&Selingman have proposed signs that can determine when someone is not copping
Person no longer conforms to standard rules.person experiences severe personal distress. When a persons behaviour becomes irrational or dangerous to themselves or others.
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Phobia
An irrational fear of an object or situation
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Behavioural characteristic of phobias
Crying screaming, running away, freezing and clinging. The person may remain in the presence of the phobic stimulus/situation and still experience anxiety
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Emotional characteristic of phobias
Excessive and unreasonable fear anxiety and panic. Fear is disproportionate to the actual danger of the object or situation. Extremely high levels of anxiety unpleasant state of high arousal the person cannot relax or be positive about it
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Cognitive characteristic of phobias
Finding it difficult to direct their attention elsewhere, selective attention. Irrational ideas, distorted impressions.
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Behavioural characteristics of depression
Cannot get out of bed. Low levels of energy, not going work or school,can’t relax, reduced or increased sleep. Verbally and physically aggressive.
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Emotional characteristic of depression
Extreme sadness in a state of hopelessness and helplessness. Experience anger. Little to no self esteem. Self loathing, hating the self
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Cognitive characteristic of depression
Recall more unhappy events rather than happy ones. Seeing a situation as absolute disaster. Pay attention to the negative aspects of a situation ignoring positive aspects
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Behavioural characteristic of OCD
Avoiding situation that trigger anxiety feel compelled to repeat a behaviour. Complosive behaviour to manage anxiety produced by obsession
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Emotional characteristic of OCD
Feelings of guilt and disgust. Negative irrational thoughts over minor issues. Repressive symptoms low mood lack of enjoyment in activities. Powerful anxiety obsession thoughts are unpleasant frightening.
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Cognitive characteristic of OCD
Obsessive thoughts. Coping strategies to deal with anxiety. Aware that their thoughts are irrational. Catastrophic thoughts. Hyperviligant: maintain a constant alertness/paying attention on potential hazards.
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behavioral approach
a way of explaining behaviour in terms of what is observable and in terms of learning
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classical conditioning
learning by association. occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired together-an unconditioned (unlearned) stimulus and a neutral stimulus eventually produced the same response that was first produced by the unlearned stimulus alone
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operant conditioning
a form of learning in which behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences. possible consequence of behaviour include positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement or punishment
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systematic desensitisation
behavioural therapy designed to reduce an unwanted response, such as anxiety. SD involves drawing up a hierachy of anxiety provoking situations related to the phobic stimulus teaching patients to relax then exposing them to phobic situations.
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Flooding
behavioural therapy in which phobic patients is exposed to an extreme form of a phobic stimulus in order to reduce anxiety trigger.
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cognitive approach
approach is focused on how our mental processes (thoughts, perception, attention) affect behaviour
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negative triad
Beck proposed that there were three kinds of negative thinking thinking that contributed to becoming depressed. Such as negative views lead a person to interpret their experiences in a negative way and so make them more vulnerable to depressed
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ABC model
Ellis proposed that depression occurs when an activating event (A) triggers an irrational belief (B) whcih in turns produced a consequence(C). the key to this is irrational belief
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Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)
a method for treating mental disorders based on both cognitive and behavioural techniques. from the cognitive view point the therapy aims to deal with thinking, such as challenging negative thoughts. the therapy includes behavioural techniques
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Irrational thoughts
dysfunctional thoughts.Ellis model and therapy, these are defined as thoughts that are likely to interfere with a persons happiness. dysfunctional thoughts lead to mental disorders ie: depression
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biological approach
a perspective that emphasises the importance of physical processes in the body such as genetic inheritance and neural function
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Genetic explanation
genes make up chromosomes and consist DNA which codes in physical features of an organism and psychological features. genes are transmitted from parents to offspring
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Neural explanations
the view that physical and psychological charatcertistic are determined by the behaviour of the nervous system, in particular the brain as well as individual neurons
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drug therapy
treatment involving drugs i.e. chemicals that have a particular effect on the functioning of the brain or some other body system. in the case of psychological disorders such drugs usually effects neurotransmitter
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Concerns behaviour that is different from the accepted standards of behaviour in community or society

Back

Deviation from social norms

Card 3

Front

Average IQ is set 100.68% have an IQ in the range from 85 to 115. Only 2% of people have a score below 70. Those who score below 70 they are seen to be abnormal and are liable to receive a diagnosis of psychological disorder

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Few behaviours that would be considered universally abnormal on the basis that they breach the social norms. Such as homosexuality continued to be abnormal and was considered as abnormal in our society in the past.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Occurs when someone is unable to cope with ordinary demands of day to day living

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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