Structures in the nucleus of each cell that contain the genes, the units of hereditary transmission. A human cell has 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs.
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Define: DNA
(Deoxyribonucleic acid) The complex molecule that is the constituent of genes.
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Define: Gene
A section of a DNA molecule that contains instructions for how and when to assemble a protein. Genes are located on chromosomes.
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Define: Genotype
The complete set of an organism's genes.
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Define: Phenotype
The overt characteristics and behaviours of an organism.
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Define: Allele
An alternative form of a specific gene.
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Define: Dominant
A term for a gene that directs the development of a particular characteristic even when the corresponding gene on the other chromosome is different. For example, some other allele.
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Define: Recessive
A term for a gene that directs the development of a particular characteristic only is the corresponding gene on the other chromosome matches it. For example, is the same allele.
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Define: Polygenic Inheritance
A pattern in which many genes all influence a single trait.
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Define: Proximate Cause
The influences within an organism's lifetime that led to its particular traits or behaviours.
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Define: Ultimate Cause
The reasons why, over many years of evolution, a particular trait or behaviour helped members of a population to survive and reproduce.
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Define: Natural Selection
The mechanism that drives biological evolution. It refers to the greater likelihood of successful reproduction for organisms whose attributes are advantageous in a given environment.
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Define: Naturalistic Fallacy
The (mistaken) idea that anything natural must be good.
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Define: Mutations
Errors in the replication of DNA.
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Card 2
Front
Define: DNA
Back
(Deoxyribonucleic acid) The complex molecule that is the constituent of genes.
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