Skin, Tears, Saliva, Mucous, Stomach, Large intestine
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Name 3 secondary defences of the human body
blood clotting, phagocytes, lymphocytes (T and B cells)
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Describe the defence mechanism of the skin.
Natural oil setum makes skin waterproof
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Describe the defence mechanism of tears and saliva.
They produce the anti bacterial enzyme lysozyme
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How does the stomach defend against disease?
low pH due to HCL
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How does the large intestine defend against disease?
gut flora bacteria present
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How do phagocytes destroy pathogens? (4)
Cytoplasm surrounds pathogen, which is taken into the cell within a vesicle. Lysozymes within the cell digest the pathogen by hydrolysis
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What is the proper name for platelets?
Thrombocytes
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What is it called when platelets stick to collagen?
Platelet adhesion
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What clotting factors do platelets release? (2)
Ca^2+, Factor VIII
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What does clotting factor 8 aids what?
the transformation of prothrombin (an inactive enzyme) to thrombin (an active enzyme)
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What does Thrombin do?
catalyses the production of fibrin from fibrinogen
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What is fibrin?
an insoluble protein which forms a mesh at the site of injury
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What are teh 2 types of white blood cells?
Phagocytes and Lymphocytes
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Describe the production of antibodies by B cells.
When a naive or memory B cell comes into contact with a pathogen with antigens that match the B cells specific antibody, it proliferates into an antibody secreting effector cell
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What are B cell clones called? (2)
Plasma cells and memory cells
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What does HIV infect?
T cells
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What does HIV stand for?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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When is a person diagnosed with AIDS?
when their T cell count drops below 200
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What does AIDS stand for?
Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome
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How is HIV transmitted? (1 + 2 examples)
in bodily fluids (across the placenta, small cuts or tears in gentials, in transfused blood or blood products, traces of blood on hyperdermic needles)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Name 3 secondary defences of the human body
Back
blood clotting, phagocytes, lymphocytes (T and B cells)
Card 3
Front
Describe the defence mechanism of the skin.
Back
Card 4
Front
Describe the defence mechanism of tears and saliva.
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