Death of the Author: Barthes and Foucault

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General: who saw the author as an immortal figure?
Victorians
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General: why does this theory begin in the 1960s?
Postmodern culture - everything was text
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General: what is the author like?
stage manager
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Foucault (1969): what has contemporary writing rid itself of?
expression
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Foucault (1969): what happens to the writing subject in contemporary writing?
it 'endlessly disappears'
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Foucault (1969): what is the danger of just getting rid of visible signs of the author?
it can just transfer his authority to another transcendental form e.g. religion
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Foucault (1969): what is an author's name?
'equivalent of a description' - holds associations and designations
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Foucault (1969): what was authorship originally?
action on a continuum e.g. lawful to unlawful
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Foucault (1969): what are 'creative power' and 'intentions'?
our projections of how we handle texts
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Foucault (1969): what does an author do in modern criticism?
explains events, creates unity and neutralises contradictions
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Foucault (1969): what is an author?
'variety of egos and...series of subjective positions'
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Foucault (1969): where does the 'author function' come from?
distance between writer and fictional narrator
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Foucault (1969): what else can be authored?
theories or traditions
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Foucault (1969): why must later practitioners of discourse always 'return to their origin'?
the initiation always deliberately omits something
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Barthes (1968): what is writing?
'the destruction of every voice, of every point of origin'
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Barthes (1968): why is the author 'a modern figure, a product of our society'?
linked to the Reformation and empiricism's emphasis on the individual
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Barthes (1968): we shouldn't focus on an author's person because they are not ___________ in us.
confiding
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Barthes (1968): what does Barthes say about language?
language speaks not the author - it knows a 'subject' not a 'person'
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Barthes (1968): what is a text?
'multi-dimensional space in which a variety of writings, none of them original, blend and clash'
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Barthes (1968): how is writing described?
performative
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Barthes (1968): what must an author remember?
he is a 'ready-formed dictionary' of existing language
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Barthes (1968): what happens if we give a text an author?
'impose a limit on that text, to furnish it with a final signified, to close the writing'
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Barthes (1968): where does a text's unity come together?
its destination - the reader
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Barthes (1968): what is the final famous quote of Barthes' text?
'the birth of the reader must be at the cost of the death of the author'
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Foucault (1969): what is the state of the author function
it is not unchangeable and can be removed
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Card 2

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General: why does this theory begin in the 1960s?

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Postmodern culture - everything was text

Card 3

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General: what is the author like?

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Card 4

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Foucault (1969): what has contemporary writing rid itself of?

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Card 5

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Foucault (1969): what happens to the writing subject in contemporary writing?

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