Dealing with offending behaviour

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Custodial sentencing
This is when an offender is found guilty in court and as punishment spends time in a prison. It would be easy to say that the sole purpose of custodial sentencing therefore is to punish the offender
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Deterrence
This is the idea that prison serves to prevent criminal reoffending. Works on the behaviourist principle that prisoners will learn that crime is punished and therefore they will not want to commit crime again.
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Retribution
This focuses on the feeling of the victim, their close family, friends and society generally. It is the idea that if the offender has hurt someone else they should pay for their actions in some way. By sending them to prison they lose their freedom and th
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Confinement
While in prison offenders are not free to commit other crimes as some of these offenders pose a threat to society. By putting them in prison for a period of time they are no longer a threat to society.
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Rehabilitation
It is argued that prison sentence allows for rehabilitation of the offender so they are less likely to reoffend. Counselling and offender programmes are offered within prison. If successful, this offers the chance for the offender to sort problems or lear
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Evaluation of the aim of custodial sentencing 1
It appears from recidivism rates that the aim of deference and rehabilitation are not fulfilled by custodial sentencing as reoffending rates are high
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Evaluation of the aim of custodial sentencing 2
The idea that the prison serves to rehabilitate is also questionable as it is seen as a potential source of information on how to commit crimes with more skill.
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Evaluation of the aim of custodial sentencing 3
Retribution and confinement are argued to be the main reasons we have prisons in society. They are not seen as a deterrent by some prisoners and so the focus of custodial sentencing moves to fulfilling the needs of the victim and society.
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The psychological effects of custodial sentencing-Becoming institutionalised
Inmates can become institutionalised and this can affect their behaviour. The participants in Zimbardo's prison study illustrated that individuals become influenced by their surroundings and lose their confidence to act.
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The psychological effects of custodial sentencing-Becoming institutionalised 2
This can also take place if their living conditions outside were not favourable as they may prefer living in prison as they have food, a bed and a roof over their head. If this is the case then they will likely reoffend so they can get back into prison.
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The psychological effects of custodial sentencing-Effects on mental health
Zimbardos experiment showed the effects prison had on mental health. Suicide rates in prisons have been found to be higher in prison than in the outside community
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Crighton & Towl
Numbers of suicides among offenders in prison have increased of late in the UK. Factors suggested are overcrowding, low staff-to-offender ratio, lack of access to medical and physical service together with the increased risk of physical assault.
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Research- Snow
Examined the characteristics of prisoners who self-harm and compared them with those who are suicidal. She found that those who self-harm display high-levels of anger and stress whereas the ones who are suicidal withdraw and show signs of depression.
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Research-Cheeseman
Many aggressive incidents in prison occurred due to the need to relive stress. This suggests that aggressive incidents in prison could be due to the surroundings being highly stressful so the aggression is an effect of the circumstance.
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Research- Hollin
Stated that prison became home to some prisoners. The fact that they received three meals a day together with a bed and companionship was preferable to them than what they had to deal with outside prison.
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Evaluation
It is difficult to know if the mental issues in prison are due to context or whether if were already part of the individual. The individual have committed crime due to their mental health making it an error to state that it is a result of being in prison
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Evaluation 2
It is argued that a decline in mental health is necessary for the individual to be punished in prison as it is argued that id the prison did not have a negative impact then it is ineffective.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

This is the idea that prison serves to prevent criminal reoffending. Works on the behaviourist principle that prisoners will learn that crime is punished and therefore they will not want to commit crime again.

Back

Deterrence

Card 3

Front

This focuses on the feeling of the victim, their close family, friends and society generally. It is the idea that if the offender has hurt someone else they should pay for their actions in some way. By sending them to prison they lose their freedom and th

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

While in prison offenders are not free to commit other crimes as some of these offenders pose a threat to society. By putting them in prison for a period of time they are no longer a threat to society.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

It is argued that prison sentence allows for rehabilitation of the offender so they are less likely to reoffend. Counselling and offender programmes are offered within prison. If successful, this offers the chance for the offender to sort problems or lear

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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