D1 Maths Definitions

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  • Created by: Lizzy Day
  • Created on: 08-03-15 18:26
Algorithm
a precise set of instructions so clear that it will allow anyone/anything to use it to achieve a particular goal in a specified number of steps.
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Flow Chart
a visual representation of an algorithm in which boxes and lines are used to indicate different steps in a process
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Bubble sort
an algorithm to sort a list into alphabetical or numerical order
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Adjacent
next to eachother.
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Pass
one run through a set of steps in an algorithm which may be repeated
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Quick sort
an algorithm to sort a list into alphabetical or numerical order
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Pivot
the item selected in the quick sort which are either less than or more than a particular pivot value. Each sub-list remains in the order of the items before comparison with the pivot.
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Binary Search
an algorithm to check whether a particular value appears in an ordered numerical or alphabetical list
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Ordered List
a list that has been sorted, perhaps by the quick sort or bubble sort algorithm
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Bin-packing algorithm
a class of problems in which it is desirable to fit items of varying small sizes into containers of a larger size, called bins. The sizes may typically refer to lengths or times.
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Optimal Solution
the best possible answer to a problem. A sub-optimal solution is one which is not optimal.
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First-fit algorithm
a quick, but often sub-optimal, bin-packing algorithm in which unsorted items are placed in the first bin possible
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First-fit decreasing algorithm
an easy, two-step bin-packing algorithm hat gives fairly good, but possibly sub-optimal solutions by solving the items first, then applying the first-fit algorithm
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Full-Bin packing
a bin-packing routine which relies on intelligence. The user spots combinations of items that will fit together and then fits remaining items by using the first-fit algorithm. It is slow but often results in an optimal solution
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Graph
an object consisting of points which are connected by lines
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Vertex
a point on a graph
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Node
another name for a vertex or a point on a graph
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Edge
a line connecting a pair of points on a graph. These 'points' may be a single point
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Arc
another name for an edge.
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Weight
a number associated with an edge (arc) that represents length, cost, time or some other variable associated with this line
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Weighted Graph
a graph in which all edges have a weight
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Network
a shorter name for a weighted graph
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Vertex set
the set of all nodes or vertices of a graph
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Edge set
the set of all arcs or edges of a graph
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Subgraph
starting from an original graph G, select some or all of the vertices and some of the edges. A subgraph is part of the original graph
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Degree (of a vertex)
is the number of edges incident to it. The degree of a node is the number of arcs coming from it
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Valency (of a vertex)
another name for the degree of a vertex
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Order (of a vertex)
yet another name for the degree of a vertex
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Handshaking lemma
the sum of the degrees of all vertices in a graph must be even since we count each edge twice- once from each end of the 'handshake' between it's vertices.
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Even Degree
a vertex which has a degree which is an even number
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Odd degree
a vertex which has a degree which is an odd number
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Walk
a finite sequence of edges, such that the end vertex of one edge is the start of the next edge
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Path
a finite sequence of edges, such that the end vertex of one edge is the start of the next edge and in which no vertex appears more than once.
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Cycle
a path which is then 'closed' by the addition of an extra edge which joins the path's ending vertex back to the paths starting vetex
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Circuit
another name for a cycle
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Connected (vertex)
two vertices are connected if there is a path between them.
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Connected (graph)
a graph is connected if all possible pairs of vertices in it are connected
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Loop
an edge that starts and finished at the same vertex
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Simple graph
a graph in which there are no loops and no pair of vertices has more than one edge joining them directly
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Directed edge
an edge in which the direction of connection matters and is shown by an arrow
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Directed graph
a graph that contains directed edges
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Digraph
a directed graph
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Tree
a connected graph that contains no cycles
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Spanning tree
a subgraph which includes all the vertices but only sufficient of the edges to be a tree
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Bipartite graph
a graph which contains two sets of vertices, X and Y in which all the edges join a vertex in set X to a vertex in set Y
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Eulerian graph
all even nodes
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Semi Eulerian graph
exactly 2 odd nodes
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Non Eulerian graph
all odd nodes
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

a visual representation of an algorithm in which boxes and lines are used to indicate different steps in a process

Back

Flow Chart

Card 3

Front

an algorithm to sort a list into alphabetical or numerical order

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

next to eachother.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

one run through a set of steps in an algorithm which may be repeated

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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