D1: Human Nutrition 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyHuman NutritionInternational BaccalaureateAll boards Created by: MiaHH79Created on: 25-02-20 14:45 Nutrients Chemical substances in foods that are used in the human body 1 of 19 Nutrition Supply of nutrients 2 of 19 Essential nutrients Can’t be sythesised by the body - must be in the diet 3 of 19 Minerals Specific elements 4 of 19 Vitamins Chemically diverse compounds made of carbon needed in small amounts that can’t be synthesised by the body 5 of 19 Fatty acids Needed for production of proteins at ribosomes 6 of 19 Amino Acids Needed for production of proteins at ribosomes 7 of 19 Malnutrition Deficiency, imbalance or excess of specific nutrients in the body 8 of 19 Starvation A prolonged shortage of food 9 of 19 Anorexia Condition where an individual doesn’t eat enough food to sustain the body, even when the food is available 10 of 19 Obesity Excessive storage of fat in adipose tissue and caused by prolonged intake of more energy in the diet than is used in respiration 11 of 19 Energy Conten (J g-1) Temp rise x 4.2J x Water volume / mass of food 12 of 19 Low density lipoproteins Increase levels of cholesterol 13 of 19 High density lipoproteins Decrease levels of cholesterol 14 of 19 Atherosclerosis Cholesterol causes hardening and narrowing of arteries 15 of 19 Phenylketonuria Lack of phenylalanine hydroxylase, needed to turn phenylalanine into tyrosine 16 of 19 Symptoms of Phenylketonuria Mental retardatio, reduced brain and head growth 17 of 19 Osteomalacia Vitamin D deficiency (rickets in children) - inadequate bone mineralisation - calcium salts not deposited and not reabsorbed - bones soften 18 of 19 Scurvy Lack of Ascorbic acid - needed for synthesis of collagen fibres in skin and blood vessels - weakens immune system also 19 of 19
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