Political influences on Masculinity and Uncertaintity Avoidance - were sensitive to the timing of the survey as Europe was in the midst of a Cold War and recovering from WW2 and there was a communist insurgence in Asia, Africa and Europe
Outdated - too old for coping with todays rapidly changing environment
The correspondance bias
Research tends to be from one discipline - would be a better foundation from multi-disciplinary approach (using sociology,psychology, economics and anthropology)
7. What are Hofstede's two main assumptions?
Cultures are not individuals and Acquiescence Bias
Cultures are social systems and you should measure using an idiographic approach
Communication and family socialisation
8. What is the definition of Cultural Syndromes?
Culture does not acccurate represent its percieved stereotype (e.g. Japan comes 23rd on the Individualism scale)
They reflect shared beliefs, attitudes, catergoriations and norms, roles and values organised around a central theme
Degree to which members of society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity
Extent to which members of society accept power in institutions is distributed unequally
9. How many definitions of culture are there?
102
More than 223
More than 164
20
10. Which one of these is NOT a work goal used measure to assess Individualism?
Challenge
Personal time
Use of skills
Freedom
11. Which one of these countries do NOT show high levels of Collectivism?
France
Panama
Guatemala
Ecuador
12. What is the Acuquience bias?
The ability to make friends
A methodological problem that people in different cultures use response scales in different way`
Wrongly attributing properties of individuals to cultures
13. Which of these is NOT one of Hofstede's 4 dimensions of cultural variation
Individuation
Climate
Masculinity
Power Distance
14. What countries show the highest levels of Uncertainty Avoidance?
