cultural variations in attachment

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  • Created by: _marxlee
  • Created on: 29-04-17 14:54
what is meant by culture?
whol way of living your life- your religion, language and beleifs
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what is meant by cross cultural study
one that compares different cultures
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what was the aims of Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's research
investigate variations in attachment styles between different cultures, using the results of studies carried out in various countries.
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what do these studies always use?
the strange situation
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what is the procedures of their experiment?
results of 32 studies that used the s.s to measure attachment behaviour were analysed.
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research from how many countries were used?
8
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what was the country's that were used?
west germany, uk, netherlands, sweden, israel, japan, china, usa
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the 32 studies yielded results for ??? children
1990
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what was the findings of their research?
secure attachment was the most common attachment in all nations.
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what was the most dominant style of insecure attachment in western cultures?
insecure avoidant
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in non western cultures what was the most dominant style of insecure attachment?
insecure resistant
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true or false? there was greater variation with cultures than between cultures
true
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which country had the most studies taken place?
usa-18
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what country had the highest percentage of securely attached children?
uk-75
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what country had the highest percentage of insecure avoidant?
west germany-35
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what country had the lowest percentage of insecure avoidant?
japan-5
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in what three countries had the highest percentage of insecure resistant?
israel- 29, japan-27, china-25
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what was the conclusions of their research?
secure attachment was the most common style of attachment, there may be universal characteristics in infant-caregiver interactions
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what does the variations between and within cultures show?
that child rearing practice varies between and within cultures
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how can Van Ijzendoom be criticised for being culturally bias?
may be difference in how different cultures raise their children. possible that behaviours that are valid in collectivist cultures differ from behaviours that are valued in individualistic cultures
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what is a critique of the strange situation in relation of its eurocentric viewpoint?
people in the uk and usa may not value over-dependency on the caregiver, whereas this is valued in other cultures, such as Japan
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how can Van Ijzendoom be criticised based on the idea the culture does not mean country?
each country will have a number of different sub-cultures. we must not include that all people from one country will act in a similar way
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what does the few studies using the s.s in Japan show?
they only represent a very small proportion of the population, and results may differ when other samples are used
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what did simonella conduct?
s.s in italy very recently to see if attachment levels were similar to those recorded in past studies.
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what was the sample of simonella's research?
76, 12 month olds
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what did simonella find?
much lower rates of secure attachment than in previous studies. 50% were secure, 36% insecure avoidant
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what did simonella's research suggest?
their is an increase in number of mothers of very young children working long hours and suggests that cultural changes over time making a difference in attachment patterns
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what did Oumar study?
dogon people of mali using the s.s and compared the findings to north american parents
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what did oumar find?
no avoidant attachments compared to 23% in north america, and 67% secure compared to 55% in north america
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what was the child rearing style called in this study?
natural parenting or attachment parenting
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where was the children during this attachment?
constantly in physical contact, breastfeeding on demand, co sleeping and responding immediately to distress, so children aren't left to cry
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how is this different to western cultures?
children aren't left to cry out like many cry it out sleep techniques in western cultures
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what does the study reflect?
the difference in results to the s.s depending on culture i.e is culturally bound and also highlights the differences in child rearing around the world
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what does culturally bound mean?
does not have the same meaning outside of the usa and western europe
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why is this study culturally bound?
children and caregivers may respond differently to the strange situations depending on their cultural experiences
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what did Takashasi suggest?
the test doesn't work on Japanese children because their mothers are so rarely separated from them. therefore they show very high separation anxiety and response was hard to observe
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what is meant by cross cultural study

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one that compares different cultures

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what was the aims of Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's research

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what do these studies always use?

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what is the procedures of their experiment?

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