Cultural Influences on Gender Role

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Cross-cultural studies of gender show that ----- society has some division of labour and behaviour by gender (Munroe & Munroe).
every
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Food prep & childcare id predominantly carried out by ----- in all societies (it's sometimes shared but in no society is it predominantly a male role).
Women
2 of 25
Girls are ---------- more towards compliance (nurturance & obedience) & boys are raised more for assertiveness (independence & achievement).
socialised
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Who studied social groups in Papua New Guinea? Tchambuli women = dominant & impersonal - Tchambuli men = emotionally dependent.
Mead
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Who criticised Mead's study & said they just told her what she wanted to hear?
Freeman
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Who studied 2,800 uni students from 30 countries with a 300-item adjective checklist? Men = dominant/aggressive & women = nurturing. Only M/F option, no equal only cannot say - same backgrounds (well educated) explains high consensus level.
Williams and Best
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Who conducted a study on 37 cultures & found men look for young, attractive women & women look for men who can provide resources?
Buss
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Who looked at male superiority on spatial perceptual tasks in 17 societies & found that this superiority is only found in tightly knit (sedentary) societies, but absent or even reversed in looser (nomadic) societies?
Berry et al
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Who found that women conformity is highest in tightly knit (sedentary) societies?
Berry et al
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--------- changes - in the UK women continue to perform more domestic duties than men & to occupy less powerful positions - but the gender gap has been decreasing which supports the role of changing social influences.
Historical
10 of 25
Labour divisions being the same in most cultures suggests ------ rather than culture explains the development of gender role - we don't know whether the division is a direct outcome of biological differences or whether it's an indirect outcome.
Biology
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Who argue that all cultures shape their socialisation process along the lines of inborn biological tendencies?
Eagly and Wood
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Who found that Japanese men don't seek to be 'macho' but instead value being well-rounded in the arts, which is usually seen as feminine? (labour divisions are the same in most but not all cultures).
Sugihara and Katsurada
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Who found that in sedentary societies spatial perception for men is higher whereas in nomadic societies both men & women travel & hunt. Who found this?
Van Leeuwen
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Social factors - where there's a strong division of labour, men will be given practise from early --------- in skills related to hunting which would enhance their spatial-perceptual skills.
Childhood
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Who says that hunters with poor spatial awareness would die, thus eliminating their genes from the 'pool' - Biological factors.
Kimura
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Who found that in societies where women contribute to food gathering they're more highly valued, have more freedom & seen less as sex objects - therefore they have a higher position in society & feel less need to conform to demands?
Schlegel and Barry
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Who found that in societies where women had a higher status, male-female divisions of labour was less pronounced?
Eagly and Wood
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There's a complex ----------- between biological and social factors.
Interaction
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IDA - Mead says data demonstrated cultural ----------- (the position that male and female differences are determined by social factors rather than biological ones).
Determinism
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IDA - Mead later changed her view to cultural ---------- (in all societies men were more aggressive than the women) - some behaviours = innate & universal. The degree to which these behaviours are expressed is relative to the culture.
Relativism
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IDA - a lot of research gathered has been collected by Western researchers working in a mix of Western & non-Western cultures, leaving scope for cultural ----.
Bias
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IDA - Imposed ----- - used tests & other measures developed by Western psychology - the results of such imposed etics are likely to be meaningless unless conducted with the cultural group for which they're designed.
Etics
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IDA - who recommend the use of more genuine indigenous research to avoid cultural biases?
Berry et al
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IDA - Just using --------- researchers won't work as they may still be using Western tests.
Indigenous
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Food prep & childcare id predominantly carried out by ----- in all societies (it's sometimes shared but in no society is it predominantly a male role).

Back

Women

Card 3

Front

Girls are ---------- more towards compliance (nurturance & obedience) & boys are raised more for assertiveness (independence & achievement).

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Who studied social groups in Papua New Guinea? Tchambuli women = dominant & impersonal - Tchambuli men = emotionally dependent.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Who criticised Mead's study & said they just told her what she wanted to hear?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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