cultural and material factors

?
Capital and educational achievement?
some sociologist accept that culture can play a part in educational achievement not becuase the working class lack an adequate culture but becuase the eductaion system is essentially fixed in favour of people with upper or middle class backgrounds
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Bourdieu's theory? (1984)
he believes that your parents possesions (or lack) of one of four different types of capital can affect your achievement in the education system
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economic capital? D-definition E-example R-role in education
D-ownership of wealth E-owning valuable houses, shares, having an income R-paying for private education or additional tuition
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Cultural capital? D-definition E-example R-role in education
D-educational qualifications, knowledge of arts&literature, and lifestyles, which society valued E-degree-level, educational holidays , knowledge of classic art and literature R-knowledge&experience to help children with school work.
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Social capital? D-definition E-example R-role in education
D-possession of valuable social contacts E-knowing teachers, headteachers, professors socially R-may help with admission to best educational institutions or finding expert help
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Symbolic capital? D-definition E-example R-role in education
D-possession of status E-having an image of respectability R-could help with admission to private or selective schools
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All pf these types of capital can help in educataion and all reflect class inequalities in society:
However, cultural capital is particularly useful. the education system is biased towards the culture of higher social classes. students from these classes therefore have an advantage due to socialization in dominant culture.
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Stephen Ball: Cultural capital and educational choice?
Bourdius theory was supported in a study of parental choice in education by ball (2000) they looked at the process of choosing a secondary school and found that middle class parents had a significant advantage over working class parents
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Stephen ball found?
middle class parents have the knowledge/contacts to play the system to give their children the best chance of getting into successful schools. working class parents lacked the money to pay for transport to get to better schools or move to catchment.
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stephen ball found? p2
working class parents were just as keen for their children to do well in education but they lacked the cultural capital and material resources to ensure access.
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Reay: social class and higher education?
he found that cultural differences between classes affected choice of university. according to bourdieu, each class has its own habitus (dispositions, tastes&lifestyle). for example WC usually feel uncomfortable applying for oxbridge.
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Material factors and educational achievement?
all the studies above see class inequalities based on material factors of wealth as the basis for the class divisions which produces different cultures.
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Material factors in schooling?Smith and noble (1995)
three ways it advantages higher class pupils 1. having money -> provide more books, educational toys, healthy diet, space to study, computers, tuition. 2. working class parents can not always afford trips
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Smith and noble (1995) p2
3. schools in better off areas tend to be more successful and attract more pupils, this results in them getting more funding.
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material factors and higher education?
Reay found material factors, as well as cultural factors. Affluent parent could pay for: private tuition to help them get into the best unis. finanical support to attend universities in expensive cities. help with living cost so children didn't work.
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Hollingworth and williams: chavs, charvers& townies?
studied the labelling of working class pupils by middle class pupils in two school, one in northern england and one in southern england.they interviewed families with parents and children together.
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Hollingworth and williams: chavs, charvers& townies? p2
many subcultures were identified but pupils seen as chavs were mostly working class. these terms were applied by middle class pupils not chosen by working class pupils and they were associated with negative stereotype which might demotivate WC
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Card 2

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Bourdieu's theory? (1984)

Back

he believes that your parents possesions (or lack) of one of four different types of capital can affect your achievement in the education system

Card 3

Front

economic capital? D-definition E-example R-role in education

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Cultural capital? D-definition E-example R-role in education

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Social capital? D-definition E-example R-role in education

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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