rich went for religion - wanted to die in holy lands
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why did the people go on the first crusade
penance - emphasis on hell
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who led the peoples crusade
peter the hermit (40,000 men)
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why did the peoples crusade fail
didn't listen to alexios advice - went on turkish land defeated by kills arslan
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examples of muslim disunity
malik shah died = power vacuum, fatiminds at jerusalem not prepared, furose left window open at antioch
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what was the main cause for the second crusade
the fall of Edessa to Zengi 1144
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how many times was papal bull released
twice - shows not much support
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Who preached the second crusade
bernard of clairvaux
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who went + why
louis vii - need to do penance performed a massacre in a church, Conard iii -pope didn't want him to go, wanted him to stay as problems at home, however, bernard persuaded him
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Reasons for the failures of 2nd crusade
poor leadership (split army, attack damascus - only ally) lack of clear aims (released twice, no end goal e.g.. jerusalem) growing muslim unity
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why was the third crusade called
fall of jerusalem 1187 (after battle of hattin) Religion (ticket to heaven, pope gregory church reform = more piety) rising islamic threat ( saladin united egypt + syria)
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why did Richard the lionheart go
Money + opportunity to go against father
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why did Phillip Augustus go
support father from second crusade, money, richards lord
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Frederick Barbarossa expedition
pious, 10,000 men harsh winter majority drowned rest went home
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siege of acre 1191
first counter attack, saladin set fire Richard offered 4 coins for rock of wall = undermined it, took 5 weeks
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events at Jaffa
saladin attacked, richards horse went down but richards men organised so saladin retreated
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Sept 1191
richard realised couldn't hold Jerusalem
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1192
made truce with saladin. no attack from Jaffa, pilgrims have access to jerusalem = october called off the crusade
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