crude oil

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  • Created by: katherine
  • Created on: 14-10-12 11:27
what is crude oil made up of?
hydrocarbon molecules
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how is crude oil formed?
from tiny decayed sea organisms
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where is crude oil found
trapped underground in porous rocks
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how is crude oil found?
seismic surveys and test wells.
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how is crude oil transported
by pipeline or tanker to refineries or overseas.
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1st point: fd
distillation chamber has a temp. gdt. hot at bottom cold at top,
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2 fd
oil pumped in at 350* most hydrocarbons vaporize
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3fd
v. long chains sink to the bottom and are tapped off.
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4fd
vapours condense at different points and are tapped off, this means that they are seperated out into fractions according to their boiling point.
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5 fd
alkanes with v. low boiling points dont condense.
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what is the rhym for remembering fraction order?
Red Giraffes Need Knitted Dance Leggings For Boogying
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which fractions are used as a feedstock for the chemical industry?
Naptha, Kerosene and lubricating oil
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what is refinery gas used for?
LPG, fuel where mains gas unavailible.
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what is gasoline used for?
petrol, fue for internel combustion engines
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what is Naptha used for?
Feedstock, processed into dye/medicine etc.
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what is Kerosene used for?
feedstock, jet fuel
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what is diesel oil used for?
some motor vehicles, heating where mains unavailable.
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what is lubricating oil used for?
feedstock & reducing friction in engines
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what is fuel used for?
used in power stations and big ships (cheap)
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what is bitumen used for?
road surfacing, roofing, waxes & polishes
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why do we crack hydrocarbons?
demmand for short chains is greater than supply, cheaper than looking for more crude oil.
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what bonds break in thermal cracking?
carbon carbon double bonds
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what temp, and pressure does thermal cracking use?
700-1200K, 7000KPa
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what is produced from thermal cracking?
lots of alkenes, less branched
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why do we like using catalytic cracking?
cheaper
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why can we not allways use catalytic cracking?
doesnt work on all fractions (bitumen)
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what conditions are used for catalytic cracking?
zeolite catalyst, 700K, just above atmospheric pressure
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what useful fractions are produced from catalytic cracking?
branched chain alkanes and aromatics
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what is the equation for complete combustion?
alkane+oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
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what are the 2 equations for incomplete combustion?
Alkane+oxygen=carbon monoxide+water OR carbon+water
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why do we not want benzene to be released through exhaust fumes?
its a carcenogen
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why is NOx present in exhaust gas?
spark, overcomes activation energy for N+O=NO
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What happens to NO in the atmosphere?
it is oxidised into NO2 and reacts with rainwater to produce nitrous acid, which is oxidised into nitric acid.
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why are lead compounds bad?
toxic
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What happens to sulphor?
forms SO2 in combustion, oxidised into SO3, dissolve in water to form H2SO3 or H2SO4.
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what does a catalytic converter contain?
platinum, palladium and rhodium
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what is oxidised in the catalytic converter?
CO and hydrocarbons
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what is reduced in the catalytic converter and what is the equation?
NOx...2NO2=N2+2O2
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what are the problems with the catalytic converter?
co2 produced: greenhouse gas, doesnt allways work hen its cold, lead reduces efficiency.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

how is crude oil formed?

Back

from tiny decayed sea organisms

Card 3

Front

where is crude oil found

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

how is crude oil found?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

how is crude oil transported

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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