Crude oil and its uses 0.0 / 5 ? ChemistryOther products from Crude OilIGCSEAQA Created by: LetsstudyCreated on: 22-11-20 07:39 Poor fuel characteristics high boiling point, don't burn easily, very thick 1 of 34 How are fuels obtained by cracking hydrocarbons 2 of 34 What is cracking a process where long chain h.c. → small chain h.c. 3 of 34 Where does it take place? In an oil refinery in a steel vessel- cracker 4 of 34 How is cracking done? crude oil heated→h.c. vaporize→passed over hot catalyst/mixed with steam→heated at high temp. →thermal decomposition 5 of 34 Example of cracking decane→pentane + propene + ethene 6 of 34 Alkenes These are hydrocarbons that have double C bonds (they are unsaturated) 7 of 34 Test for Alkene bromine water turns colourless 8 of 34 Ethene (C2H4) main product of cracking. reacts with steam(H2O) to make ethanol(C2H5OH) 9 of 34 The reaction of ethene and steam hydration recation 10 of 34 Uses of chemicals of crude oil cosmetics, explosives & PLASTICS 11 of 34 Monomer- Polymer- small molecules large molecules 12 of 34 Ethene easy to shape transparent strong [Poly(ethene)/ Polythene] 13 of 34 Propene Strong and tougher (milk crates, ropes & carpets) 14 of 34 Polymerisation This is the way Polymers join. The double bonds of C open and join with other molecules. 15 of 34 Tip! The double C bond make alkene more reactive than alkane 16 of 34 Properties of polymer depend on The reaction used to make it Type of monomer used 17 of 34 Low density polymers (LD) made with ethene high pressure, trace of O2 randomly branched can't come together 18 of 34 High density polymers (HD) made with ethene catalyst, 50 degrees slightly raised pressure straight chains pack closely 19 of 34 Thermosoftening polymers soften easily due to weak bonds between molecules chains tangled together 20 of 34 Thermosetting polymers don't soften, only char at high temp. they have cross links (strong covalent bonds between the chains) 21 of 34 Medical development of polymers softer lining for false teeth new packaging material implants that slowly release drugs into patient 22 of 34 Light Sensitive plasters put on normally while removing, first only upper layer removed lower layer still on skin gets exposed to light loses stickiness easy to remove 23 of 34 Hydrogels few cross link units can trap water help to heal wound in moist and sterile condition soft contact lenses change properties-vary amount of water 24 of 34 Shape Memory Polymers stitched around a wound loosely temp. of body makes it the thread tighten closes the wound then dissolves in the body without any harm 25 of 34 Smart Polymers Their properties change by change in light, temp. or the whole surroundings 26 of 34 Fizzy drink bottles are made of Plastic named PET 27 of 34 Advantages of PET strong, tough and transparent lighter than bottles easy to transport and carry around 28 of 34 Uses of PET school uniforms, fleece jacket, football shirts 29 of 34 Biodegradable plastic a plastic that can be broken down by micro organisms 30 of 34 Biodegradable plastic can be made by using granules of cornstarch (PLA-poly(lactic acid)) or plant products 31 of 34 PLA can't be heated in microwave In carrier bags- mixed with traditional polymer saves crude oil supplies 32 of 34 Disadvantage more land needed for growing corn- starvation high food prices deforestation 33 of 34 Best solution Reuse plastic again and again 34 of 34
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